setup.sh

#!/bin/bash

# ==============================================================================
# AUTOMATED & IDEMPOTENT LINUX SERVER BOOTSTRAP SCRIPT (v5 - English Edition)
# ==============================================================================
#
# HOW TO RUN DIRECTLY FROM THE COMMAND LINE WITHOUT DOWNLOADING:
#
#   curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pniaps/linux-server-bootstrap/main/setup.sh | bash
#
# OR with predefined variables for headless execution:
#   curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pniaps/linux-server-bootstrap/main/setup.sh | GITHUB_USER="gh_user" NEW_USER="pnia" SSH_PORT="4815" HOSTNAME="my-vps" bash
#
# ==============================================================================

set -e

echo "=== Beginning foundational environment setup and initial hardening ==="

# 1. Prompt for GitHub username if not provided via environment variable
if [ -z "$GITHUB_USER" ]; then
    read -p "Enter your GitHub username to fetch public keys: " GITHUB_USER
    if [ -z "$GITHUB_USER" ]; then
        echo "[ERROR] GitHub username is required to safely inject SSH access." >&2
        exit 1
    fi
fi

# 2. Prompt for Sudoer username if not provided via environment variable
if [ -z "$NEW_USER" ]; then
    read -p "Enter the name of the new administrative user (Sudoer): " NEW_USER
    if [ -z "$NEW_USER" ]; then
        echo "[ERROR] Sudoer username selection is required." >&2
        exit 1
    fi
fi

# 3. Prompt for SSH Port if not provided via environment variable
if [ -z "$SSH_PORT" ]; then
    read -p "Enter the desired SSH port [Default: 22]: " SSH_PORT
    SSH_PORT=${SSH_PORT:-22}
fi

# 4. Prompt for Hostname if not provided via environment variable
CURRENT_HOSTNAME=$(hostname)
if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" ]; then
    read -p "Enter the desired hostname for this server [Default: ${CURRENT_HOSTNAME}]: " HOSTNAME
    HOSTNAME=${HOSTNAME:-$CURRENT_HOSTNAME}
fi

# 5. Configure Hostname if it changed
if [ "$HOSTNAME" != "$CURRENT_HOSTNAME" ]; then
    echo "Updating system hostname to '${HOSTNAME}'..."
    sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "$HOSTNAME"

    # Extract the short name (e.g., if HOSTNAME is vps1.domain.com, SHORT_NAME becomes vps1)
    SHORT_NAME=$(echo "$HOSTNAME" | cut -d. -f1)

    # Update /etc/hosts cleanly without duplicating rows
    # First, we remove old entries assigned to 127.0.1.1 to keep it tidy
    sudo sed -i '/^127\.0\.1\.1/d' /etc/hosts

    # Append the new clean mapping
    echo "127.0.1.1 ${HOSTNAME} ${SHORT_NAME}" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts > /dev/null
    echo "Hostname successfully updated."
else
    echo "Keeping current hostname: ${CURRENT_HOSTNAME}"
fi

# 6. Establish System Timezone
echo "Configuring system timezone to Europe/Madrid..."
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Madrid
echo "Current system time state: $(date)"

# 7. Idempotent Sudoer Account Provisioning
if id "$NEW_USER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "User '$NEW_USER' already exists. Skipping user provisioning."
else
    echo "Creating administrative account '$NEW_USER'..."
    sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash "$NEW_USER"
    # Lock the interactive password field (*), demanding cryptographic keys for authentication
    sudo usermod -p '*' "$NEW_USER"
    # Grant passwordless sudo elevation for smoother configuration tasks
    echo "$NEW_USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" | sudo tee "/etc/sudoers.d/$NEW_USER" > /dev/null
    sudo chmod 0440 "/etc/sudoers.d/$NEW_USER"
fi

# 8. Idempotent Cryptographic Key Injection
USER_HOME=$(eval echo ~$NEW_USER)
SSH_DIR="$USER_HOME/.ssh"

sudo mkdir -p "$SSH_DIR"
sudo chmod 700 "$SSH_DIR"
sudo touch "$SSH_DIR/authorized_keys"
sudo chmod 600 "$SSH_DIR/authorized_keys"

echo "Retrieving public keys from GitHub for profile: '$GITHUB_USER'..."
TMP_KEYS=$(mktemp)
curl -s "https://github.com/${GITHUB_USER}.keys" > "$TMP_KEYS"

if [ ! -s "$TMP_KEYS" ]; then
    echo "[WARNING] No public keys found on GitHub for user '$GITHUB_USER' or network connection failed."
else
    while IFS= read -r key; do
        if ! grep -qF "$key" "$SSH_DIR/authorized_keys"; then
            echo "$key" | sudo tee -a "$SSH_DIR/authorized_keys" > /dev/null
            echo "Successfully injected key string into $NEW_USER environment."
        else
            echo "Key signature already present in authorization file. Skipping duplicate."
        fi
    done < "$TMP_KEYS"
fi
rm -f "$TMP_KEYS"

sudo chown -R "$NEW_USER:$NEW_USER" "$SSH_DIR"

# 9. One-Time SSH Daemon Hardening & Conditional Port Assignment
SSH_CONFIG="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
SSH_CONFIG_BAK="${SSH_CONFIG}.bak"

if [ -f "$SSH_CONFIG_BAK" ]; then
    echo "[SSH] Backup file $SSH_CONFIG_BAK detected. Skipping SSH modification to prevent override loops."
else
    echo "[SSH] Reconfiguring service parameters and hardening access..."
    sudo cp "$SSH_CONFIG" "$SSH_CONFIG_BAK"

    # Swap out defaults for hardened profiles (Password & Root restriction)
    sudo sed -i 's/^#\?PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin no/' $SSH_CONFIG
    sudo sed -i 's/^#\?PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication no/' $SSH_CONFIG
    sudo sed -i 's/^#\?ChallengeResponseAuthentication.*/ChallengeResponseAuthentication no/' $SSH_CONFIG 2>/dev/null || true
    sudo sed -i 's/^#\?KbdInteractiveAuthentication.*/KbdInteractiveAuthentication no/' $SSH_CONFIG 2>/dev/null || true

    # Only modify port if a custom one (not 22) was explicitly selected
    if [ "$SSH_PORT" != "22" ]; then
        echo "[SSH] Changing standard port to $SSH_PORT. Make sure this port is open in your external firewall!"
        sudo sed -i "s/^#\?Port.*/Port $SSH_PORT/" $SSH_CONFIG
    fi

    # Address drop-in override directories (*.conf) standard in modern distributions
    SSH_CONFIG_D="/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d"
    if [ -d "$SSH_CONFIG_D" ]; then
        if [ -f "$SSH_CONFIG_D/50-cloud-init.conf" ]; then
            # Build configuration string based on choice
            CONF_PAYLOAD="PasswordAuthentication no\nPermitRootLogin no"
            if [ "$SSH_PORT" != "22" ]; then
                CONF_PAYLOAD="Port $SSH_PORT\n${CONF_PAYLOAD}"
            fi
            echo -e "$CONF_PAYLOAD" | sudo tee "$SSH_CONFIG_D/50-cloud-init.conf" > /dev/null
        fi
    fi

    echo "Restarting SSH daemon..."
    if systemctl is-active --quiet ssh; then
        sudo systemctl restart ssh
    elif systemctl is-active --quiet sshd; then
        sudo systemctl restart sshd
    fi
fi

# 10. Activate Automatic Security Patching Engine
echo "Deploying unattended security update triggers..."
if [ -f /usr/bin/apt-get ]; then
    sudo apt-get update -y > /dev/null
    sudo apt-get install -y unattended-upgrades apt-listchanges > /dev/null

    echo "APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";" | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades > /dev/null
    echo "APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades > /dev/null

    sudo systemctl restart unattended-upgrades || true
    echo "Automated patching infrastructure configured and active."
else
    echo "[NOTICE] APT package manager not found. If this is an RHEL/CentOS system, deploy 'dnf-automatic' manually."
fi

# 11. Fetch Public IP for Client Config Hint
SERVER_IP=$(curl -s https://ifconfig.me || curl -s https://api.ipify.org || echo "<SERVER_IP>")

echo "========================================================================"
echo " FOUNDATIONAL BOOTSTRAP PROCESS SUCCESSFUL!"
echo "========================================================================"
echo " "
echo "🖥️  SSH CLIENT CONFIGURATION (LOCAL MACHINE)"
echo "Add the following block to your local '~/.ssh/config' file (Windows/Linux/macOS)"
echo "to connect seamlessly without typing the port or username every time:"
echo " "
echo "------------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "Host ${HOSTNAME}"
echo "    HostName ${SERVER_IP}"
echo "    User ${NEW_USER}"
echo "    Port ${SSH_PORT}"
echo "------------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo " "
echo "Then, you can simply connect from your local terminal by running:"
echo "   ssh ${HOSTNAME}"
echo " "
echo "⚠️  CRITICAL POST-CHECK:"
echo "Open a separate terminal shell locally right now and verify connection using:"
echo "   ssh -p ${SSH_PORT} ${NEW_USER}@${SERVER_IP}"
echo " "
echo "DO NOT terminate this active root session until new access is fully confirmed!"
echo "========================================================================"