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<span data-v-59e6cb88>2015 - </span>
2025
</a></span></div></div> <div data-v-7dd95ae2><div data-v-7dd95ae2><main class="page"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">Python后端服务FastApi</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>apan</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>2/22/2024</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-eye" data-v-8a445198><span id="/fastapi.html" data-flag-title="Your Article Title" class="leancloud-visitors" data-v-8a445198><a class="leancloud-visitors-count" style="font-size:.9rem;font-weight:normal;color:#999;"></a></span></i> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-8a445198><span class="tag-item" data-v-8a445198>python</span><span class="tag-item" data-v-8a445198>后端</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><div class="adswrapper"><!----> <div style="display:none;"></div> <ins data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3196441204212737" data-ad-slot="7162284157" data-ad-test="" data-ad-region="" class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block;"></ins> <!----> <div style="display:none;"> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </div></div> <h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> 简介</h2> <p>是python的一个后端服务框架，类似于java的springBoot</p> <p>github星星对比
FastApi
81.2k</p> <p>django
75.8k
flask
65.8k</p> <h2 id="简单示例"><a href="#简单示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 简单示例</h2> <p>适用于简单项目，复杂项目需要拆分文件，文件夹</p> <div class="language-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-py"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> typing <span class="token keyword">import</span> Union
<span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> FastAPI
app <span class="token operator">=</span> FastAPI<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_root</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"Hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"World"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"q"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> q<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> __name__ <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">'__main__'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># 在调试的时候开源加入一个reload=True的参数，正式启动的时候可以去掉</span>
uvicorn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"0.0.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8080</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> log_level<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h2 id="后端服务"><a href="#后端服务" class="header-anchor">#</a> 后端服务</h2> <h2 id="orm"><a href="#orm" class="header-anchor">#</a> ORM</h2> <h2 id="日志"><a href="#日志" class="header-anchor">#</a> 日志</h2> <h2 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 配置</h2> <p>.env文件，密码等安全要求高的使用环境变量</p> <h2 id="依赖"><a href="#依赖" class="header-anchor">#</a> 依赖</h2> <p>在requirements.txt里面配置</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>pip <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> requirements.txt <span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="dockerfile"><a href="#dockerfile" class="header-anchor">#</a> dockerfile</h2> <h2 id="并发性能"><a href="#并发性能" class="header-anchor">#</a> 并发性能</h2> <p>如果不配置，超过服务器资源就会报503</p> <p>尤其是慢接口会直线降低接口性能
例如:大模型相关的服务,即使是透传云端API,默认配置吞吐量也就40/min</p> <p>线程数默认40
启动参数说明，如果有类似于springboot的配置文件就好了</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>app：指定应用app，<span class="token string">'脚本名:FastAPI实例对象'</span>、FastAPI实例对象
host: 字符串，允许被访问的形式 locahost、127.0.0.1、当前IP、0.0.0.0，默认为127.0.0.1,
port：数字，应用的端口，默认为8000,
uds：字符串，socket服务绑定到UNIX的域名
fd：数字，从此文件描述符绑定到socket
loop：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>auto<span class="token operator">|</span>asyncio<span class="token operator">|</span>uvloop<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，事件循环模式，默认为auto
http：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>auto<span class="token operator">|</span>h11<span class="token operator">|</span>httptools<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，HTTP协议实现，默认为auto
ws：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>auto<span class="token operator">|</span>none<span class="token operator">|</span>websockets<span class="token operator">|</span>wsproto<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，WebSocket协议实现，默认为auto
ws-max-size：数字，WebSocket最大消息大小（字节），默认值为16777216
lifespan：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>auto<span class="token operator">|</span>on<span class="token operator">|</span>off<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，生命周期实施，默认为auto
env-file：<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>，环境配置文件
log-config：<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>，日志配置文件。支持的格式：.ini、.json、.yaml，默认为fastapi默认的log配置
log-level：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>critical<span class="token operator">|</span>error<span class="token operator">|</span>warning<span class="token operator">|</span>info<span class="token operator">|</span>debug<span class="token operator">|</span>trace<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，日志级别，默认info
access-log：boolean，access log日志的开关，默认为True
use-colors：boolean，彩色日志的开关，（前提需指定log-config），默认为None
interface：<span class="token punctuation">[</span>auto<span class="token operator">|</span>asgi3<span class="token operator">|</span>asgi2<span class="token operator">|</span>wsgi<span class="token punctuation">]</span>，选择ASGI3、ASGI2或WSGI作为应用程序接口，默认为auto
debug：是否使用debug模式，默认False,
reload：boolean，当代码发生更时，是否自动重启，默认False,
reload_dirs：字符串，设置重新加载目录，由源码可见，当没有传这个参数的实时，将取当前工作目录
reload-delay：float，每隔多久检测代码是否有变动，默认0.25秒
workers：数字，工作进程数。默认为<span class="token variable">$WEB</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>U CONCURRENCY环境变量（如果可用），或1。对于--reload无效。
proxy-headers：boolean，启用/禁用X-Forwarded-Proto、X-Forwarded-For、X-Forwarded-Port以填充远程地址信息，默认为True
forwarded-allow-ips：字符串，用逗号分隔的IP列表以信任代理标头。默认为<span class="token variable">$FORWARDED</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>u ALLOW<span class="token punctuation">\</span>u IPS环境变量（如果可用），或 None，为None时，代码里面则取127.0.0.1
root-path：字符串，为安装在给定URL路径下的应用程序设置ASGI“根路径”。
limit-concurrency：数字，在发出HTTP503响应之前，允许的最大并发连接数或任务数。默认为None
limit-max-requests：数字，达到多少请求数则终止进程，默认为None
backlog：数字，等待处理的最大连接数，默认为2048
timeout-keep-alive：数字，如果在此超时时间内未收到新数据，则关闭保持活动状态的连接，默认为5
ssl-keyfile：字符串，SSL密钥文件，默认为None
ssl-certfile：字符串，SSL证书文件，默认为None
ssl-keyfile-password：字符串，SSL密钥文件密码，默认为None
ssl-version：数字，要使用的SSL版本（详见stdlib SSL模块），默认为2
ssl-cert-reqs：数字，是否需要客户端证书（详见stdlib SSL模块），默认为0
ssl-ca-certs：字符串，CA证书文件
ssl-ciphers：字符串，要使用的CA证书文件密码（详见stdlib SSL模块），默认为TLSv1
header：字典，自定义响应头信息，键值对的形式，默认为None
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><p>workers 建议配置为CPU核心数*2+1
limit-concurrency，根据服务器性能，超过配置后报503 Service Unavailable</p> <p>启动命令参考</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>uvicorn main:app <span class="token parameter variable">--workers</span> <span class="token number">3</span> --limit-concurrency <span class="token number">200</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--host</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token parameter variable">--port</span> <span class="token number">8080</span>
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