Expression Reference

A complete reference for all expression syntax supported by LineSolv.

Basic Arithmetic

Standard PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction) with six operators:

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
`+`	Addition	`5 + 3`	`8`
`-`	Subtraction	`10 - 4`	`6`
`*`	Multiplication	`7 * 3`	`21`
`/`	Division	`20 / 4`	`5`
`^`	Exponentiation	`2 ^ 10`	`1024`
`%`	Modulo (remainder)	`17 % 5`	`2`
`×`	Multiplication (symbol)	`5 × 3`	`15`
`÷`	Division (symbol)	`10 ÷ 2`	`5`

Operator precedence: ^ > * / % > + -. Use parentheses to override.

Input	Result	Note
`2 + 3 * 4`	`14`	Multiplication first
`(2 + 3) * 4`	`20`	Parentheses override
`2^3^2`	`512`	Right-associative: 2^(3^2)

Natural Language

LineSolv understands conversational English. You can prefix expressions with question words, imperative verbs, or conversational fillers — they are all stripped before evaluation.

Word Numbers

Spell out numbers up to the millions:

Input	Result
`one plus one`	`2`
`twenty five plus 3`	`28`
`one hundred`	`100`
`twenty five hundred`	`25000`
`twenty five times pi`	`78.5398`

Query Prefixes

These leading phrases are ignored:

Prefix	Example
`what is`	`what is 2+2`
`what does`	`what does 10*5 equal`
`calculate`	`calculate 15% of 200`
`can you calculate`	`can you calculate 2+2`
`could you find`	`could you find 5*3`
`determine`	`determine 2^10`
`do you know`	`do you know 5+3`
`figure out`	`figure out 10 * 5`
`find the value of`	`find the value of 2 times 3 plus 4`
`give me`	`give me 3 + 7`
`show me`	`show me 5 + 3`
`tell me`	`tell me 10 + 20`
`work out`	`work out 2 + 3`
`would you solve`	`would you solve 10+5`

Conversational Fillers

These leading words/phrases are also stripped:

hello, hey, hi, alright, approximately, about, exactly, i guess, i think, i want, i would like, i'd like, i need to add, let's calculate, lets, like, maybe, now, ok, okay, perhaps, probably, right, roughly, say, so, well, we need, we want, will you compute

Examples:

Input	Result
`hello how much is 5 + 3`	`8`
`hey there calculate 6 times 7`	`42`
`ok 5+3`	`8`
`well 2+2`	`4`

Fractions

Fraction Words

Input	Result
`one half`	`0.5`
`one third`	`0.3333`
`two thirds`	`0.6667`
`one quarter`	`0.25`
`three quarters`	`0.75`

Mixed Numbers

Combine whole numbers and fractions:

Input	Result
`2 1/2`	`2.5`
`3 3/4`	`3.75`
`2 1/2 + 1.5`	`4`
`3/4`	`0.75`
`3/4 + 1/4`	`1`

Scale / Multiplicative Words

Input	Result	Meaning
`double 5`	`10`	5 * 2
`twice 10`	`20`	10 * 2
`triple 3`	`9`	3 * 3
`half of 20`	`10`	20 / 2
`quarter of 100`	`25`	100 / 4
`half a dozen`	`6`	12 / 2
`half a couple`	`1`	2 / 2
`half a million`	`500000`	1000000 / 2
`half as many as 20`	`10`	20 / 2
`half as much as 100`	`50`	100 / 2
`quarter as many as 40`	`10`	40 / 4
`quarter as much as 20`	`5`	20 / 4

Power Words

Input	Result	Meaning
`5 squared`	`25`	5^2
`3 cubed`	`27`	3^3
`cube 3`	`27`	3^3
`square 5`	`25`	5^2
`square root of 144`	`12`	sqrt(144)
`cube root of 27`	`3`	cbrt(27)
`the square root of 144`	`12`	sqrt(144)
`the cube root of 27`	`3`	cbrt(27)
`2 to the power of 3`	`8`	2^3
`5 exponent 3`	`125`	5^3
`5 to the 3`	`125`	5^3

Comparison Phrases

Input	Result	Meaning
`which is bigger 5 or 6`	`6`	max(5, 6)
`which is smaller 10 or 8`	`8`	min(10, 8)
`which is larger pi or 5`	`5`	max(pi, 5)
`10 increased by 5`	`15`	10 + 5
`20 decreased by 7`	`13`	20 - 7
`5 more than 10`	`15`	10 + 5
`3 less than 8`	`5`	8 - 3
`difference between 10 and 3`	`7`	10 - 3
`5 added to 10`	`15`	10 + 5
`8 fewer 3`	`5`	8 - 3
`5 subtract 3`	`2`	5 - 3
`10 minus 3`	`7`	10 - 3

Division Phrases

Input	Result	Meaning
`10 over 2`	`5`	10 / 2
`9 out of 3`	`3`	9 / 3
`ratio of 10 to 2`	`5`	10 / 2
`10 divided by 5`	`2`	10 / 5
`3 into 15`	`5`	15 / 3
`10 split among 2`	`5`	10 / 2
`10 split between 2`	`5`	10 / 2
`12 shared among 3`	`4`	12 / 3
`12 shared between 3`	`4`	12 / 3

Multiplication Phrases

Input	Result	Meaning
`product of 4 and 3`	`12`	4 * 3
`sum of 10 and 5`	`15`	10 + 5
`5 lots of 3`	`15`	5 * 3
`5 times 4`	`20`	5 * 4
`3 times as much as 5`	`15`	3 * 5
`3 times more than 5`	`20`	5 + 3*5
`2 times as many as 10`	`20`	2 * 10
`2 times more than 10`	`30`	10 + 2*10
`10 times more than 3`	`33`	3 + 10*3
`5 along with 3`	`8`	5 + 3
`5 combined with 3`	`8`	5 + 3
`5 together with 3`	`8`	5 + 3
`5 without 3`	`2`	5 - 3

Natural Function Calls

You can call functions using natural language:

Input	Result
`sine of 0`	`0`
`cosine of 0`	`1`
`tangent of 0`	`0`
`absolute value of -5`	`5`
`the absolute value of -5`	`5`
`natural log of 100`	`4.6052`
`ln of 100`	`4.6052`
`log of 100`	`2`

Percentage Relationship Questions

Input	Result
`10 is what percent of 50`	`20%`
`10 is what % of 50`	`20%`
`what percent of 50 is 10`	`20%`
`what percentage of 80 is 20`	`25%`
`10 as a percentage of 50`	`20%`
`50% of what is 25`	`50`
`50 percent of what is 25`	`50`
`10 out of 50 as a percent`	`20%`
`10 out of 50 as a percentage`	`20%`

Factorial Operator

Input	Result
`5!`	`120`
`0!`	`1`
`3! + 2`	`8`

Log Base

Input	Result
`log base 2 of 8`	`3`
`log base 10 of 100`	`2`
`log base 10 of 100 + 3 squared`	`11`

Combinations

Input	Result
`5 choose 3`	`10`
`10 choose 2`	`45`
`5 choose 2 + 3!`	`16`

How Many Times

Asks how many times one number fits into another:

Input	Result
`how many times does 5 go into 20`	`4`
`how many times does 3 go in 15`	`5`
`how many times does 25 go into 5k`	`200`
`how many times does 2 go into 1M`	`500000`
`how many 3 are in 15`	`5`
`how many 5 in 20`	`4`

Subtraction with "from"

Input	Result	Meaning
`10 from 100`	`90`	100 - 10
`5 from 20`	`15`	20 - 5

Collective Nouns

Input	Result	Value
`a couple`	`2`	2
`a dozen`	`12`	12
`a score`	`20`	20

Combined with scale words:

Input	Result
`half a dozen`	`6`
`half a couple`	`1`
`double a dozen`	`24`

Possessive Plurals

Multiply a number by a collective noun value:

Input	Result	Meaning
`3 tens`	`30`	3 * 10
`2 hundreds`	`200`	2 * 100
`5 thousands`	`5000`	5 * 1000
`2 dozens`	`24`	2 * 12
`3 scores`	`60`	3 * 20

Percentages

Input	Result	Meaning
`50%`	`0.5`	Percentage as decimal
`10% of 200`	`20`	10% * 200
`100 + 15%`	`115`	100 + 15% of 100
`200 - 10%`	`180`	200 - 10% of 200
`10% less than 200`	`180`	200 - 10% of 200
`20% more than 100`	`120`	100 + 20% of 100
`100 with 8% tax`	`108`	100 + 8% of 100
`200 after 10% discount`	`180`	200 - 10% of 200
`200 minus 10% discount`	`180`	200 - 10% of 200
`40 plus 15% tip`	`46`	40 + 15% of 40
`how much is one hundred plus fifty percent`	`150`	100 + 50% of 100
`10 per cent of 200`	`20`	Alternative phrasing
`10 pct of 200`	`20`	Abbreviated phrasing
`50 p.c. of 80`	`40`	Dotted abbreviation

Ordinal Suffixes

Ordinal suffixes are stripped to the base number:

Input	Result
`1st`	`1`
`2nd`	`2`
`3rd`	`3`
`4th`	`4`
`1st + 2`	`3`

SI Notation

Suffixes k (thousand), M (million), and B (billion):

Input	Result
`5k`	`5000`
`1.5K`	`1500`
`3M`	`3000000`
`2B`	`2000000000`
`2B / 5k`	`400000`

Date Math

Input	Result
`today + 14 days`	Date 14 days from now
`today - 7 days`	Date 7 days ago
`March 1 + 30 days`	March 31
`last month`	Previous month
`next week`	Next week
`2 weeks from now`	Date 14 days from now
`3 months ago`	Date 3 months ago

Trailing text after the date expression is ignored:

Input	Result
`I completing a book at today + 14 days some story`	Date 14 days from now

Time / Duration

Use compact time notation with h, m, s suffixes:

Input	Result
`2h30m`	`9000` (seconds)
`2h30m in minutes`	`150 minutes`
`2h + 1h15m`	`12600` (seconds)

Geometry

Input	Result
`area of triangle with base 5 and height 10`	`25`
`volume of cone radius 3 and height 5`	`47.1239`

Age Calculation

Input	Result
`born in 2007`	Age since 2007
`born 1990`	Age since 1990
`what is my age`	Current age
`what is my current age`	Current age
`i am 25 years old`	`25`
`i am twenty five years old`	`25`
`i am born in 2007 show me my current age`	Current age
`my age is 30`	`30`
`25 yrs of age`	`25`
`40 years old`	`40`

Purchase Math

LineSolv handles shopping calculations with items, discounts, and tax.

Basic

Input	Result
`5 items at $20 each`	`$100.00`

With Discount

Input	Result
`5 items at $20 each with a 15% discount`	`$85.00`

With Discount and Tax

Input	Result
`5 items at $20 each with a 15% discount and 8% sales tax`	`$91.80`

Natural Language

Input	Result
`what is the total cost of 5 items at $20 each with a 15% discount and 8% sales tax added on top`	Calculation result
`I bought 8 items at $5 each with a 10% discount and 6% sales tax. What's the final price?`	`$40.76`
`I got 25 hours of freelance work at $37 per hour. What did I earn?`	`$925.00`
`That $200 jacket I've been eyeing is 25% off. What's the sale price?`	`$150.00`

Currency Conversion

LineSolv supports 50+ currencies with live exchange rates. Use currency symbols or ISO codes:

Symbol/Code	Currency	Symbol/Code	Currency
`$` / `USD`	US Dollar	`EUR` / `euro` / `euros`	Euro
`GBP` / `sterling`	British Pound	`JPY` / `yen`	Japanese Yen
`CNY` / `yuan`	Chinese Yuan	`INR` / `rupee` / `rupees`	Indian Rupee
`CAD`	Canadian Dollar	`AUD`	Australian Dollar
`CHF`	Swiss Franc	`KRW` / `won`	South Korean Won
`RUB` / `ruble` / `rubles`	Russian Ruble	`ILS` / `shekel` / `shekels`	Israeli Shekel
`VND` / `dong`	Vietnamese Dong	`PHP` / `peso` / `pesos`	Philippine Peso
`UAH` / `hryvnia`	Ukrainian Hryvnia	`KZT` / `tenge`	Kazakh Tenge
`PYG` / `guarani`	Paraguayan Guarani	`GHS` / `cedi`	Ghanaian Cedi
`TRY` / `lira`	Turkish Lira	`AZN` / `manat`	Azerbaijani Manat
`GEL` / `lari`	Georgian Lari	`BTC` / `bitcoin`	Bitcoin
`THB` / `baht`	Thai Baht	`HKD`	Hong Kong Dollar
`SGD`	Singapore Dollar	`MXN`	Mexican Peso
`ZAR` / `rand`	South African Rand	`NZD`	New Zealand Dollar
`SEK` / `krona`	Swedish Krona	`NOK`	Norwegian Krone
`PLN` / `zloty`	Polish Zloty	`BRL`	Brazilian Real
`BDT` / `taka`	Bangladeshi Taka	`PKR`	Pakistani Rupee
`LKR`	Sri Lankan Rupee	`NPR`	Nepalese Rupee
`MYR` / `ringgit`	Malaysian Ringgit	`IDR` / `rupiah`	Indonesian Rupiah
`TWD` / `ntd`	Taiwan Dollar	`SAR` / `riyal`	Saudi Riyal
`AED` / `dirham`	UAE Dirham	`KWD` / `dinar`	Kuwaiti Dinar
`EGP`	Egyptian Pound	`NGN` / `naira`	Nigerian Naira
`COP`	Colombian Peso	`CLP`	Chilean Peso
`ARS`	Argentine Peso	`PEN` / `sol`	Peruvian Sol
`MAD`	Moroccan Dirham	`XAU` / `gold`	Gold (troy oz)
`XAG` / `silver`	Silver (troy oz)

Currency examples:

Input	Result
`$100 + €20`	`$122.80`
`$20 in euro - 5% discount`	`€18.26`
`€5`	`$5.70`
`£20 in usd`	`$26.60`
`$1.5`	`$1.50`

Unit Conversion

Convert between units using in or to:

Input	Result
`10 inches in cm`	`25.4 cm`
`1 kg in lb`	`2.205 lb`
`100 c to f`	`212.0 °F`
`1 gal in l`	`3.785 l`
`convert 10 inches to cm`	`25.4 cm`
`convert 100 km to miles`	`62.14 mi`
`change 100 c to f`	`212.0 °F`

Complete Unit Table

Category	Units	Aliases
Length	mm, cm, m, km, in, ft, yd, mi	millimeter(s), centimeter(s), meter(s), kilometer(s), inch(es), foot/feet, yard(s), mile(s)
Mass	g, kg, lb, oz	gram(s), kilogram(s), pound(s), ounce(s)
Volume	ml, l, gal, qt, cup	milliliter(s), liter(s), gallon(s), quart(s), cups
Temperature	c, f	celsius, fahrenheit
Time	s, min, h, day	second(s), minute(s), hour(s), day(s)

Variables

Assign variables and reference them in later expressions:

Input	Result
`x = 42`	`x = 42`
`x * 2`	`84`
`y = x + 8`	`y = 50`
`y / 2`	`25`
`x * pi`	`131.947`

Variable names are case-insensitive. You can use any alphanumeric name (no spaces, must start with a letter).

Context References

After evaluating an expression, you can reference the result:

Input	Result
`42`	`42`
`of that * 2`	`84`
`then + 10`	`94`
`result / 2`	`47`

Special context keywords:

Keyword	Meaning
`of that`	Previous result
`then`	Previous result
`result`	Previous result
`that`	Previous result
`last`	Previous result
`last result`	Previous result
`previous`	Previous result
`previous result`	Previous result
`prior`	Previous result
`prior result`	Previous result
`last answer`	Previous result

Math Functions

All 40+ built-in functions:

Category	Function	Args	Description	Example	Result
Trigonometry	`sin(x)`	1	Sine (radians)	`sin(pi/4)`	`0.7071`
	`cos(x)`	1	Cosine (radians)	`cos(0)`	`1`
	`tan(x)`	1	Tangent (radians)	`tan(0)`	`0`
	`asin(x)`	1	Arcsine (radians)	`asin(1)`	`1.5708`
	`acos(x)`	1	Arccosine (radians)	`acos(1)`	`0`
	`atan(x)`	1	Arctangent (radians)	`atan(0)`	`0`
	`atan2(y, x)`	2	2-argument arctangent	`atan2(1, 1)`	`0.7854`
Hyperbolic	`sinh(x)`	1	Hyperbolic sine	`sinh(0)`	`0`
	`cosh(x)`	1	Hyperbolic cosine	`cosh(0)`	`1`
	`tanh(x)`	1	Hyperbolic tangent	`tanh(0)`	`0`
Logarithmic	`log(x)` / `ln(x)`	1	Natural logarithm	`ln(100)`	`4.6052`
	`log2(x)`	1	Base-2 logarithm	`log2(8)`	`3`
	`log10(x)`	1	Base-10 logarithm	`log10(100)`	`2`
	`exp(x)`	1	e^x	`exp(1)`	`2.7183`
Roots & Power	`sqrt(x)`	1	Square root	`sqrt(144)`	`12`
	`cbrt(x)`	1	Cube root	`cbrt(27)`	`3`
	`pow(a, b)`	2	a raised to b	`pow(2, 3)`	`8`
Rounding	`round(x)`	1	Round to nearest integer	`round(3.7)`	`4`
	`ceil(x)`	1	Round up	`ceil(3.2)`	`4`
	`floor(x)`	1	Round down	`floor(3.7)`	`3`
	`trunc(x)`	1	Truncate decimal	`trunc(3.7)`	`3`
	`sign(x)` / `sgn(x)`	1	Sign: -1, 0, or 1	`sign(-3)`	`-1`
Absolute	`abs(x)`	1	Absolute value	`abs(-5)`	`5`
Statistics	`avg(n, ...)`	1+	Arithmetic mean	`avg(1, 2, 3)`	`2`
	`median(n, ...)`	1+	Median value	`median(1, 2, 3)`	`2`
	`mode(n, ...)`	1+	Most frequent value	`mode(1, 1, 2)`	`1`
	`stdev(n, ...)` / `stddev(n, ...)`	2+	Population standard deviation	`stdev(10, 20, 30)`	`8.1650`
	`variance(n, ...)` / `var(n, ...)`	2+	Population variance	`variance(10, 20, 30)`	`66.6667`
	`range(n, ...)`	1+	max minus min	`range(1, 5, 3)`	`4`
Aggregation	`sum(n, ...)`	1+	Sum of all arguments	`sum(1, 2, 3)`	`6`
	`min(n, ...)`	1+	Smallest value	`min(1, 2, 3)`	`1`
	`max(n, ...)`	1+	Largest value	`max(1, 2, 3)`	`3`
Combinatorics	`fact(x)` / `factorial(x)`	1	Factorial (max 20)	`fact(5)`	`120`
	`gcd(a, b)`	2	Greatest common divisor	`gcd(12, 8)`	`4`
	`lcm(a, b)`	2	Least common multiple	`lcm(4, 6)`	`12`
	`ncr(n, r)` / `choose(n, r)`	2	Combinations (n choose r)	`ncr(5, 3)`	`10`
Random	`rand()`	0-2	Random number (0-1, 0-max, or min-max)	`rand()`	`0.7234`
	`random(x)`	0-2	Alias for rand	`random(10)`	`7.2341`
Geometry	`hypot(a, b)` / `pythag(a, b)` / `hypotenuse(a, b)`	2	sqrt(a^2 + b^2)	`hypot(3, 4)`	`5`
Utility	`fract(x)`	1	Fractional part	`fract(3.7)`	`0.7`
	`deg(x)`	1	Radians to degrees	`deg(pi)`	`180`
	`rad(x)`	1	Degrees to radians	`rad(180)`	`3.1416`
Number Theory	`isprime(x)` / `is_prime(x)`	1	1 if prime, 0 otherwise	`isprime(7)`	`1`

Constants

Constant	Aliases	Value
`pi`	`π`	3.141592653589793
`e`		2.718281828459045
`speed_of_light`	`lightspeed`, `c_light`	299792458
`gravity`	`g_force`	9.80665
`planck`	`planck_constant`	6.62607015e-34
`boltzmann`	`boltzmann_constant`	1.380649e-23
`gas_constant`	`gasconstant`	8.314462618
`avogadro`	`avogadro_constant`	6.02214076e23
`stefan_boltzmann`	`stefanboltzmann`	5.670367e-8
`electron_mass`	`me`	9.10938356e-31
`proton_mass`	`mp`	1.67262192369e-27
`neutron_mass`	`mn`	1.67492749804e-27
`electron_charge`	`e_charge`	1.602176634e-19
`bohr_radius`	`bohrradius`	5.29177210903e-11
`rydberg`	`rydberg_constant`	10973731.568160

Combining Patterns

Mix multiple patterns in a single expression:

Input	Result
`$100 + €20`	`$122.80`
`2B / 5k`	`400000`
`a dozen + 3 scores`	`72`
`how many times does 25 go into 5k`	`200`
`5 choose 2 + 3!`	`16`
`log base 10 of 100 + 3 squared`	`11`
`double a dozen`	`24`
`3 tens from 5 hundreds`	`470`
`2h30m in minutes`	`150 minutes`
`10 inches in cm`	`25.4 cm`

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Expression Reference

Basic Arithmetic

Natural Language

Word Numbers

Query Prefixes

Conversational Fillers

Fractions

Fraction Words

Mixed Numbers

Scale / Multiplicative Words

Power Words

Comparison Phrases

Division Phrases

Multiplication Phrases

Natural Function Calls

Percentage Relationship Questions

Factorial Operator

Log Base

Combinations

How Many Times

Subtraction with "from"

Collective Nouns

Possessive Plurals

Percentages

Ordinal Suffixes

SI Notation

Date Math

Time / Duration

Geometry

Age Calculation

Purchase Math

Basic

With Discount

With Discount and Tax

Natural Language

Currency Conversion

Unit Conversion

Complete Unit Table

Variables

Context References

Math Functions

Constants

Combining Patterns