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Linux 查看系统信息

本文主要对 Linux 系统的 版本信息 和 硬件信息 的查看操作进行了总结。

目录：

查看系统版本

系统版本分为 内核版本 和 发行版本。

Linux 内核： Linux 内核是计算机操作系统的核心，是为你运行的其他程序分配计算机资源的程序，其功能可以划分为系统、网络、存储、内存和计算。

Linux 发行版： Linux 发行版（Linux distribution）是由 Linux 内核（Linux kernal）和 软件包管理系统组合而成的操作系统，软件包管理系统中包括应用程序和实用软件（例如 GNU tools and libraries），针对不同的用户，包里装着不同的组件。常见发行版有 基于 Redhat 的 CentOS 和 基于 Debian 的 Ubuntu。

查看 Linux 内核版本

以下两种方法适用于所有发行版。

eg 1. cat /proc/version

eg 2. uname -a

查看 Linux 发行版本

eg 1. cat /etc/issue 适用于所有发行版。

eg 2. cat /etc/redhat-release 仅适用于 Redhat 系发行版。

查看硬件信息

CPU

1. lscpu 查看 CPU 统计信息

Architecture:          x86_64              # CPU 架构
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian       # 字节序
CPU(s):                72                  # 总逻辑 CPU 数
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-71     
Thread(s) per core:    2                   # 单核线程数
Core(s) per socket:    18                  # 单插槽核心数
Socket(s):             2                   # CPU 物理插槽数量
NUMA node(s):          2
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 85
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6240 CPU @ 2.60GHz
Stepping:              7
CPU MHz:               2593.915
BogoMIPS:              5185.09
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              1024K
L3 cache:              25344K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-17,36-53
NUMA node1 CPU(s):     18-35,54-71

对操作系统而言，其逻辑 CPU 数量：CPU(s) = Socket(s) * Core(s) per socket * Thread(s) per core。

以上信息表明，该系统共插有两个物理 CPU，每个 CPU 为 18 核 36 线程，共计 72 线程。

2. cat /proc/cpuinfo 查看每个 CPU 信息

该命令会将所有 CPU 信息全部打印出来，以下仅为输出的第一个 CPU 信息。

processor	: 0
vendor_id	: AuthenticAMD
cpu family	: 23
model		: 49
model name	: AMD EPYC 7K62 48-Core Processor
stepping	: 0
microcode	: 0x1000065
cpu MHz		: 2595.124
cache size	: 512 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 1
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 1
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm art rep_good nopl extd_apicid eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext retpoline_amd ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 rdseed adx smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bogomips	: 5190.24
TLB size	: 1024 4K pages
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
......

内存

dmidecode -t memory 查看内存硬件信息

Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.8 present.

Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
	Location: Other
	Use: System Memory
	Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
	Maximum Capacity: 2 GB
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Number Of Devices: 1

Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
	Array Handle: 0x1000
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Total Width: Unknown
	Data Width: Unknown
	Size: 2048 MB
	Form Factor: DIMM
	Set: None
	Locator: DIMM 0
	Bank Locator: Not Specified
	Type: RAM
	Type Detail: Other
	Speed: Unknown
	Manufacturer: Smdbmds
	Serial Number: Not Specified
	Asset Tag: Not Specified
	Part Number: Not Specified
	Rank: Unknown
	Configured Memory Speed: Unknown
	Minimum Voltage: Unknown
	Maximum Voltage: Unknown
	Configured Voltage: Unknown

硬盘

1. lsblk 查看硬盘和分区分布

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1 130.8M  0 rom  
vda    253:0    0    60G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0    60G  0 part /
  • NAME：设备名
  • MAJ:MIN：主:从 设备数量
  • RM：是否可移动设备
  • SIZE：设备大小
  • RO：是否只读设备
  • TYPE：设备类型
  • MOUNTPOINT：设备挂载点

2. fdisk -l 查看硬盘和分区详细信息

Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009ac89

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   125829086    62913519+  83  Linux

网卡

1. lspci | grep -i 'eth' 查看网卡硬件信息

08:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 37cc (rev 09)
58:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Controller XXV710 for 25GbE SFP28 (rev 02)
58:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Controller XXV710 for 25GbE SFP28 (rev 02)

2. 查看系统所有网络接口

eg 1. ifconfig -a

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.8.10  netmask 255.255.252.0  broadcast 10.0.11.255
        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe8c:5ac0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:8c:5a:c0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 14759958  bytes 2237100423 (2.0 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 16041393  bytes 4194853634 (3.9 GiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 6239413  bytes 989573591 (943.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6239413  bytes 989573591 (943.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eg 2. ip link show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:8c:5a:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

3. ethtool eth0 查看指定网络接口的详细信息

Settings for eth0:
	Supported ports: [ FIBRE ]
	Supported link modes:   10000baseT/Full 
	Supported pause frame use: Symmetric
	Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
	Supported FEC modes: Not reported
	Advertised link modes:  10000baseT/Full 
	Advertised pause frame use: No
	Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
	Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
	Speed: 10000Mb/s
	Duplex: Full
	Port: FIBRE
	PHYAD: 0
	Transceiver: external
	Auto-negotiation: off
	Supports Wake-on: d
	Wake-on: d
	Current message level: 0x0000000f (15)
			       drv probe link timer
	Link detected: yes

其他

1. lspci 查看 PCI 信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)
00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 03)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
00:04.0 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
00:05.0 Ethernet controller: Red Hat, Inc. Virtio network device
00:06.0 SCSI storage controller: Red Hat, Inc. Virtio block device
00:07.0 Unclassified device [00ff]: Red Hat, Inc. Virtio memory balloon

2. dmidecode 查看机器 DMI（Desktop Management Interface）信息

BIOS Information
	......

System Information
	......

Chassis Information
	......

Processor Information
	......

Physical Memory Array
	......

Memory Device
  ......
Memory Array Mapped Address
	......

System Boot Information
	......

若仅需单独查看某一设备信息，可通过加参数 -t + 设备名实现。如，查看系统 bios 信息，dmidecode -t bios。

参考链接