diff --git a/src/modules/certificate/certificate.service.ts b/src/modules/certificate/certificate.service.ts
index 9b94362..fae70d1 100644
--- a/src/modules/certificate/certificate.service.ts
+++ b/src/modules/certificate/certificate.service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { HttpStatus, Injectable, StreamableFile } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpStatus, Injectable, StreamableFile, OnModuleDestroy } from '@nestjs/common';
 import axios from 'axios';
 import APIResponse from 'src/common/utils/response';
 import { LoggerService } from 'src/common/logger/logger.service';
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
 import { UserCourseCertificate } from './entities/user_course_certificate';
 import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
 import { Response } from 'express';
-import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
+import puppeteer, { Browser, Page } from 'puppeteer';
 import { KafkaService } from 'src/kafka/kafka.service';
 
 @Injectable()
-export class CertificateService {
+export class CertificateService implements OnModuleDestroy {
+  private browserInstance: Browser | null = null;
+  private browserLaunchPromise: Promise<Browser> | null = null;
+  private readonly MAX_BROWSER_IDLE_TIME = 30000; // 30 seconds
+  private browserIdleTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+
   constructor(
     @InjectRepository(UserCourseCertificate)
     private userCourseCertificateRepository: Repository<UserCourseCertificate>,
@@ -19,6 +24,107 @@ export class CertificateService {
     private loggerService: LoggerService,
     private readonly kafkaService: KafkaService,
   ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * Get or create a browser instance with connection pooling
+   * Reuses browser instance to avoid resource exhaustion
+   */
+  private async getBrowserInstance(): Promise<Browser> {
+    // If browser is already launched and connected, return it
+    if (this.browserInstance && this.browserInstance.isConnected()) {
+      this.resetBrowserIdleTimeout();
+      return this.browserInstance;
+    }
+
+    // If browser is being launched, wait for it
+    if (this.browserLaunchPromise) {
+      return this.browserLaunchPromise;
+    }
+
+    // Launch new browser instance
+    this.browserLaunchPromise = this.launchBrowser();
+    
+    try {
+      this.browserInstance = await this.browserLaunchPromise;
+      this.resetBrowserIdleTimeout();
+      return this.browserInstance;
+    } finally {
+      this.browserLaunchPromise = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Launch a new browser instance with optimized settings
+   */
+  private async launchBrowser(): Promise<Browser> {
+    try {
+      const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
+        headless: true,
+        args: [
+          '--no-sandbox',
+          '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
+          '--disable-gpu',
+          '--disable-dev-shm-usage', // Prevents /dev/shm exhaustion
+          '--disable-software-rasterizer',
+          '--font-render-hinting=none',
+          '--disable-extensions',
+          '--disable-background-networking',
+          '--disable-background-timer-throttling',
+          '--disable-renderer-backgrounding',
+          '--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows',
+          '--disable-ipc-flooding-protection',
+          '--single-process', // Reduces memory usage in Docker
+        ],
+        timeout: 30000, // 30 second timeout for browser launch
+      });
+
+      this.loggerService.log('Browser instance launched successfully');
+      return browser;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.loggerService.error('Failed to launch browser:', error);
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset browser idle timeout - closes browser after inactivity
+   */
+  private resetBrowserIdleTimeout(): void {
+    if (this.browserIdleTimeout) {
+      clearTimeout(this.browserIdleTimeout);
+    }
+
+    this.browserIdleTimeout = setTimeout(async () => {
+      if (this.browserInstance) {
+        try {
+          await this.browserInstance.close();
+          this.loggerService.log('Browser instance closed due to inactivity');
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.loggerService.error('Error closing idle browser:', error);
+        } finally {
+          this.browserInstance = null;
+        }
+      }
+    }, this.MAX_BROWSER_IDLE_TIME);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup browser instance on module destroy
+   */
+  async onModuleDestroy() {
+    if (this.browserIdleTimeout) {
+      clearTimeout(this.browserIdleTimeout);
+    }
+    
+    if (this.browserInstance) {
+      try {
+        await this.browserInstance.close();
+        this.loggerService.log('Browser instance closed on module destroy');
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.loggerService.error('Error closing browser on destroy:', error);
+      }
+    }
+  }
   async generateDid(userId: string, res: Response) {
     let apiId = 'api.generate.did';
     try {
@@ -400,6 +506,7 @@ export class CertificateService {
     res: Response,
   ): Promise<StreamableFile> {
     const apiId = 'api.get.Certificate';
+    let page: Page | null = null;
 
     try {
       let url =
@@ -411,6 +518,7 @@ export class CertificateService {
           templateid: templateId,
           Accept: 'text/html',
         },
+        timeout: 10000, // 10 second timeout for API call
       });
       let htmlContent = response?.data?.replace('**Id**', credentialId);
 
@@ -460,20 +568,14 @@ export class CertificateService {
         }
       }
 
-      // Launch Puppeteer
-      const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
-        headless: true, // Use headless mode
-        args: [
-          '--no-sandbox',
-          '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
-          '--disable-gpu',
-          '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-          '--disable-software-rasterizer',
-          '--font-render-hinting=none',
-        ],
-      });
+      // Get browser instance from pool (reuses existing browser)
+      const browser = await this.getBrowserInstance();
 
-      const page = await browser.newPage();
+      // Create a new page for this request
+      page = await browser.newPage();
+
+      // Set timeout for page operations
+      page.setDefaultTimeout(30000); // 30 seconds
 
       // Set viewport for better rendering
       await page.setViewport({ width: 1200, height: 1600 });
@@ -481,31 +583,49 @@ export class CertificateService {
       // Set HTML content and wait for fonts to load
       await page.setContent(htmlContent, { 
         waitUntil: 'networkidle0', // Wait for all network requests to finish (including fonts)
+        timeout: 30000, // 30 second timeout
       });
 
       // Additional wait to ensure fonts are fully loaded
       await page.evaluateHandle(() => document.fonts.ready);
 
-      // Generate PDF
-      const pdfBuffer = await page.pdf({
-        format: 'A4',
-        printBackground: true,
-        preferCSSPageSize: false,
-        margin: {
-          top: '10mm',
-          bottom: '10mm',
-          left: '0mm',
-          right: '0mm',
-        },
-      });
+      // Generate PDF with timeout
+      const pdfBuffer = await Promise.race([
+        page.pdf({
+          format: 'A4',
+          printBackground: true,
+          preferCSSPageSize: false,
+          margin: {
+            top: '10mm',
+            bottom: '10mm',
+            left: '0mm',
+            right: '0mm',
+          },
+        }),
+        new Promise<never>((_, reject) => 
+          setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('PDF generation timeout')), 30000)
+        ),
+      ]);
 
-      await browser.close();
+      // Close the page (but keep browser instance for reuse)
+      await page.close();
+      page = null;
 
       // Return StreamableFile instead of calling res.end()
       return new StreamableFile(pdfBuffer);
     } catch (error) {
-      console.log('error: ', error);
       this.loggerService.error('Error generating PDF:', error);
+      
+      // Ensure page is closed even on error
+      if (page) {
+        try {
+          await page.close();
+        } catch (closeError) {
+          this.loggerService.error('Error closing page on error:', closeError);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Re-throw error to be handled by NestJS exception filters
       throw error;
     }
   }