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class="rp-sidebar-menu__right__text">ON THIS PAGE</span><svg width="14" height="14" class="rp-progress-circle"><circle cx="7" cy="7" r="6" stroke-linecap="round" fill="none" stroke="var(--rp-c-divider-light)" stroke-width="2"></circle><circle cx="7" cy="7" r="6" stroke-linecap="round" fill="none" stroke="var(--rp-c-brand)" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="37.69911184307752" stroke-dashoffset="37.69911184307752" transform="rotate(-90 7 7)" style="transition:stroke-dashoffset 0.3s"></circle></svg><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 32 32" class="rp-sidebar-menu__right__icon" style="transform:rotate(0deg);transition:transform 0.2s ease-out"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22 16 12 26l-1.4-1.4 8.6-8.6-8.6-8.6L12 6z"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="rp-doc-layout__container"><aside class="rp-doc-layout__sidebar rp-scrollbar"></aside><div class="rp-doc-layout__doc"><main class="rp-doc-layout__doc-container"><div class="rp-doc rspress-doc"><!--$--><h1 class="rp-toc-include" id="性能基准测试"><a href="#性能基准测试" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>性能基准测试<!-- --> </h1>
<p>本页展示 VextJS 与其他主流 Node.js Web 框架的性能基准对比数据。当前版本的可复现基准以仓库内 <code>test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</code> 为准；页面中的历史 benchmark 仓库数据仅用于趋势参考。</p>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="对比口径说明请先阅读"><a href="#对比口径说明请先阅读" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>对比口径说明（请先阅读）</h2>
<p>当前 repo-local benchmark 衡量的是<strong>相同场景、相同压测参数、尽量相同功能负载</strong>下的吞吐量对比，而不是“默认开箱全功能配置”的直接对比。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Raw（裸跑）</strong>：直接使用底层框架原生 API 实现同一测试场景</li>
<li><strong>Vext</strong>：通过 Vext 启动相同场景，但为了与 Raw 公平对比，会关闭非必要默认能力，只保留 adapter / 路由层核心开销</li>
<li><strong>chain</strong>：历史兼容场景，表示 handler 内联业务逻辑链</li>
<li><strong>middleware-chain</strong>：真实 route-level middleware chain，会进入 adapter 的中间件链执行器</li>
</ul>
<p>当前 benchmark 中，Vext 侧会关闭或收紧以下非核心默认能力：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>accessLog</code></li>
<li><code>requestId</code></li>
<li><code>cors</code></li>
<li><code>rateLimit</code></li>
<li><code>response.wrap</code></li>
<li><code>bodyParser</code></li>
<li><code>requestContext</code></li>
<li>日志级别改为 <code>silent</code></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ 这意味着：本页数据更接近“框架核心路径 / adapter 层”的对比结果，而<strong>不是</strong>默认生产配置下开启全部内置能力时的最终吞吐量承诺。</p>
<p>若你要评估真实业务场景，请结合自己的中间件、日志、鉴权、响应包装、数据库访问和部署环境重新压测。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="测试环境"><a href="#测试环境" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>测试环境</h2>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>项目</th><th>规格</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>CPU</strong></td><td>Intel Core i9-13900K (24 核 / 32 线程)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>内存</strong></td><td>64 GB DDR5-5600</td></tr><tr><td><strong>操作系统</strong></td><td>Ubuntu 22.04 LTS</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Node.js</strong></td><td>v22.12.0</td></tr><tr><td><strong>测试工具</strong></td><td><a href="https://github.com/mcollina/autocannon" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="rp-link">autocannon</a> v7.15.0</td></tr><tr><td><strong>并发连接</strong></td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td><strong>持续时间</strong></td><td>30 秒</td></tr><tr><td><strong>预热</strong></td><td>5 秒（不计入统计）</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ <strong>注意</strong>: 性能基准测试结果受测试环境、负载模式和代码实现方式影响较大。建议在自己的硬件上运行基准测试以获得最准确的结果。</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="hello-world-基准"><a href="#hello-world-基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Hello World 基准</h2>
<p>最简路由场景：返回固定字符串响应，不含任何业务逻辑，测试框架原始吞吐量。</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="测试代码"><a href="#测试代码" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>测试代码</h3>
<p>::: code-tabs
@tab VextJS</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-typescript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)">// src/routes/index.ts</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { defineRoutes } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "vextjs"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> default</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> defineRoutes</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">((app) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> async</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (req</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> res) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> res</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Fastify</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-javascript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="javascript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> require</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"fastify"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">)();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> async</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> () </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> };</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.listen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ port</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Express</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-javascript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="javascript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> express</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> require</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"express"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> express</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (req</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> res) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> res</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.listen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">);</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Hono (Node)</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-typescript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { Hono } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "hono"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { serve } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "@hono/node-server"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> Hono</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (c) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> c</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }));</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">serve</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ fetch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">.fetch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> port</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>:::</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="结果"><a href="#结果" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>结果</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒 (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p50</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p95</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p99</th><th style="text-align:center">吞吐量</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>98,421</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">0.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">1.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">18.2 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">87,653</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">16.2 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">72,841</td><td style="text-align:center">1.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">13.5 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">85,320</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">15.8 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Hono v4 (Node)</td><td style="text-align:center">68,412</td><td style="text-align:center">1.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.7 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">12.7 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">18,934</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">9.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">17.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.5 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Koa v2</td><td style="text-align:center">24,716</td><td style="text-align:center">3.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">7.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">13.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.6 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Express)</td><td style="text-align:center">16,821</td><td style="text-align:center">5.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">11.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">19.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.1 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">79,234</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">14.7 MB/s</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>历史数据来源：<a href="https://github.com/vextjs/benchmarks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="rp-link">benchmark 仓库</a>，2026-01-15 测试。当前版本复现实测请优先运行本仓库 <code>test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</code>。</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="json-序列化基准"><a href="#json-序列化基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>JSON 序列化基准</h2>
<p>测试返回包含嵌套对象的 JSON 响应的性能，贴近真实 API 场景。</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="响应结构"><a href="#响应结构" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>响应结构</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-json"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="json"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "id"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "name"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "John Doe"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "email"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "john@example.com"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "createdAt"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "2026-01-15T08:00:00.000Z"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "profile"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "avatar"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "https://example.com/avatar.png"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "bio"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Software Engineer"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "location"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Shanghai, China"</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "roles"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"user"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "admin"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">]</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "metadata"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "loginCount"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 42</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "lastLogin"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "2026-01-14T20:30:00.000Z"</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="结果-1"><a href="#结果-1" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>结果</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒 (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p50</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p95</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p99</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>91,247</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">1.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.5 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">81,334</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.0 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">67,523</td><td style="text-align:center">1.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">79,876</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.2 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Hono v4 (Node)</td><td style="text-align:center">62,103</td><td style="text-align:center">1.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">5.3 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">16,782</td><td style="text-align:center">5.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">11.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">19.9 ms</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">73,910</td><td style="text-align:center">1.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.6 ms</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="参数校验基准"><a href="#参数校验基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>参数校验基准</h2>
<p>测试在路由处理时进行请求参数校验的性能开销，VextJS 使用内置 schema-dsl 校验，其他框架使用 zod 或 joi。</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="测试场景"><a href="#测试场景" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>测试场景</h3>
<p>POST 请求，Body 包含 10 个字段，包括字符串、数字、枚举和嵌套对象。</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒 (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p50</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p95</th><th style="text-align:center">校验库</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native + schema-dsl)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>84,312</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">内置 schema-dsl</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify + schema-dsl)</td><td style="text-align:center">74,891</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">内置 schema-dsl</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5 (ajv)</td><td style="text-align:center">78,234</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">ajv v8</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5 (zod)</td><td style="text-align:center">51,823</td><td style="text-align:center">1.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.7 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">zod v3</td></tr><tr><td>Express + zod</td><td style="text-align:center">12,341</td><td style="text-align:center">7.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">15.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">zod v3</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (class-validator)</td><td style="text-align:center">42,156</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">class-validator</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>VextJS 的 schema-dsl 基于 ajv 编译，拥有接近原生 ajv 的校验性能，同时提供更简洁的 DSL 语法。</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="中间件链基准"><a href="#中间件链基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>中间件链基准</h2>
<p>测试经过 5 层中间件后的最终路由处理性能，模拟真实应用中认证、日志、限流等中间件叠加场景。</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="中间件配置"><a href="#中间件配置" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>中间件配置</h3>
<p>5 层中间件：</p>
<ol>
<li>请求 ID 注入</li>
<li>请求日志记录（内存 Buffer，不写磁盘）</li>
<li>JWT 验证（跳过签名验证，仅解析）</li>
<li>限流检查（内存计数器）</li>
<li>响应头注入</li>
</ol>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒 (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">较无中间件损耗</th><th style="text-align:center">延迟 p99</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>79,834</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">-18.9%</td><td style="text-align:center">4.1 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">57,221</td><td style="text-align:center">-21.5%</td><td style="text-align:center">5.6 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">68,901</td><td style="text-align:center">-19.2%</td><td style="text-align:center">4.8 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">13,421</td><td style="text-align:center">-29.1%</td><td style="text-align:center">22.4 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Koa v2</td><td style="text-align:center">18,934</td><td style="text-align:center">-23.4%</td><td style="text-align:center">18.1 ms</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="adapter-对比"><a href="#adapter-对比" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Adapter 对比</h2>
<p>VextJS 支持多种底层 HTTP Adapter，性能差异主要来源于底层 HTTP 实现：</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Adapter</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒 (Hello World，历史)</th><th>特性</th><th>适用场景</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>native</code>（默认）</td><td style="text-align:center">~98,000</td><td>零外部 HTTP 框架依赖，Node 原生 http + route-core</td><td>推荐，性能最高</td></tr><tr><td><code>fastify</code></td><td style="text-align:center">~87,000</td><td>高性能 + 生态丰富</td><td>需要 Fastify 插件生态</td></tr><tr><td><code>hono</code></td><td style="text-align:center">~72,000</td><td>Web Standards API，超轻量</td><td>全栈 / 边缘运行时</td></tr><tr><td><code>express</code></td><td style="text-align:center">~18,000</td><td>最大中间件生态</td><td>迁移现有 Express 项目</td></tr><tr><td><code>koa</code></td><td style="text-align:center">~24,000</td><td>轻量优雅</td><td>中小型项目</td></tr><tr><td><code>node-cluster</code></td><td style="text-align:center">~340,000*</td><td>多进程，线性扩展</td><td>多核 CPU 服务器</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p><code>*</code> Cluster 数据为 8 核 worker 合计吞吐量（单进程 ×8 近线性扩展）。
注：uWS（uWebSockets.js）adapter 尚未内置，列为未来规划（roadmap）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="adapter-性能可视化"><a href="#adapter-性能可视化" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Adapter 性能可视化</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-txt"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="txt"><code><span class="line"><span>Native ████████████████████████████████████████ 98,421 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Fastify ████████████████████████████████████ 87,653 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Hono ████████████████████████████████ 72,841 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Koa ██████████ 24,716 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Express ████████ 18,934 req/s</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="cluster-模式基准"><a href="#cluster-模式基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Cluster 模式基准</h2>
<p>测试在多核环境下，VextJS Cluster 模式与单进程模式的吞吐量对比：</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>模式</th><th style="text-align:center">Worker 数</th><th style="text-align:center">请求/秒</th><th style="text-align:center">CPU 利用率</th><th style="text-align:center">内存</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>单进程 (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center">1</td><td style="text-align:center">98,421</td><td style="text-align:center">12%</td><td style="text-align:center">48 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 2</td><td style="text-align:center">2</td><td style="text-align:center">192,834</td><td style="text-align:center">24%</td><td style="text-align:center">96 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 4</td><td style="text-align:center">4</td><td style="text-align:center">381,201</td><td style="text-align:center">47%</td><td style="text-align:center">192 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 8</td><td style="text-align:center">8</td><td style="text-align:center">743,892</td><td style="text-align:center">91%</td><td style="text-align:center">384 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 16</td><td style="text-align:center">16</td><td style="text-align:center">891,234</td><td style="text-align:center">98%</td><td style="text-align:center">768 MB</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>8 核以上受 CPU 调度开销影响，扩展效率略有下降，但仍接近线性扩展。</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="内存基准"><a href="#内存基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>内存基准</h2>
<p>框架空载时的内存占用（仅启动 HTTP 服务器，无请求处理）：</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">启动内存</th><th style="text-align:center">10 万请求后</th><th style="text-align:center">GC 压力</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>18 MB</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">22 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">低</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">24 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">28 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">低</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">31 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">38 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">低</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">29 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">36 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">低</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">42 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">58 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">中</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Express)</td><td style="text-align:center">86 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">112 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">中</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">71 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">94 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">低-中</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="启动时间"><a href="#启动时间" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>启动时间</h2>
<p>从进程启动到第一个请求可响应的时间（冷启动）：</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th style="text-align:center">冷启动时间</th><th style="text-align:center">热重载时间</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>42 ms</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">180 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">68 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">210 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">61 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">38 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS</td><td style="text-align:center">1,240 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>VextJS 热重载时间包含 esbuild 增量编译 + worker 替换的完整流程，实际热重载感知延迟约 200 ms。</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="如何自行运行基准测试"><a href="#如何自行运行基准测试" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>如何自行运行基准测试</h2>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="运行当前仓库内基准"><a href="#运行当前仓库内基准" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>运行当前仓库内基准</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> install</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">node</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="运行单个框架"><a href="#运行单个框架" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>运行单个框架</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 仅测试 VextJS (Native)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">node</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --framework</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> native</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 仅测试 VextJS (Fastify)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">node</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --framework</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 仅测试真实 route-level middleware chain</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">node</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> middleware-chain</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="使用-autocannon-手动测试"><a href="#使用-autocannon-手动测试" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>使用 autocannon 手动测试</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 启动 VextJS 测试服务器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">pnpm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> run</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> start:vext</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)"> &</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 运行 autocannon</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npx</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> autocannon</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -c</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 100</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -d</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 30</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -p</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 10</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> http://localhost:3000/</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># 停止服务器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">kill</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> %1</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="配置说明"><a href="#配置说明" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>配置说明</h3>
<p>在 <code>bench.config.ts</code> 中调整测试参数：</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-typescript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> default</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> connections</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 100</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"> // 并发连接数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> duration</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 30</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"> // 测试持续秒数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> warmup</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"> // 预热秒数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> pipelining</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"> // HTTP 管道化请求数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> workers</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"> // autocannon worker 线程数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">};</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="结论"><a href="#结论" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>结论</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>历史最高吞吐量</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter，在 2026-01-15 历史 Hello World 场景下达到约 <strong>98,000 req/s</strong>，开启 Cluster 模式可突破 <strong>700,000 req/s</strong>（8 核）</li>
<li><strong>最低内存</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter，空载仅 <strong>18 MB</strong>，适合资源受限环境</li>
<li><strong>最快启动</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter，冷启动约 <strong>42 ms</strong>，热重载约 <strong>180 ms</strong></li>
<li><strong>校验性能</strong>: 内置 schema-dsl 基于 ajv 编译，校验开销极低，接近原生 ajv 性能</li>
<li><strong>扩展性</strong>: Cluster 模式下接近线性扩展，8 核可获得约 7.6× 的吞吐量提升</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="性能建议"><a href="#性能建议" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>性能建议</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>场景</th><th>推荐配置</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>极致性能（云原生，单机高并发）</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code> + Cluster × CPU核数</td></tr><tr><td>生产环境（通用）</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code> 或 <code>'fastify'</code> + Cluster × (CPU核数-1)</td></tr><tr><td>轻量部署（容器 / 边缘）</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code>，单进程，零框架依赖</td></tr><tr><td>全栈 / 边缘运行时</td><td><code>adapter: 'hono'</code>，兼容 Web Standards API</td></tr><tr><td>开发环境</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code>（默认），热重载最快</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="相关链接"><a href="#相关链接" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vextjs/benchmarks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="rp-link">benchmarks 仓库</a> — 完整测试代码和历史数据</li>
<li><a href="/guide/adapters.html" class="rp-link">Adapter 架构</a> — 了解各 Adapter 的技术实现</li>
<li><a href="/guide/cluster.html" class="rp-link">Cluster 多进程</a> — 如何配置和使用 Cluster 模式</li>
<li><a href="/api/config.html" class="rp-link">配置项</a> — <code>adapter</code> 配置字段详情</li>
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class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="响应结构" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">响应结构</span></a><a href="#结果-1" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="结果" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">结果</span></a><a href="#参数校验基准" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="参数校验基准" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">参数校验基准</span></a><a href="#测试场景" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="测试场景" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">测试场景</span></a><a href="#中间件链基准" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="中间件链基准" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">中间件链基准</span></a><a href="#中间件配置" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="中间件配置" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">中间件配置</span></a><a href="#adapter-对比" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="Adapter 对比" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">Adapter 对比</span></a><a href="#adapter-性能可视化" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="Adapter 性能可视化" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">Adapter 性能可视化</span></a><a href="#cluster-模式基准" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="Cluster 模式基准" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">Cluster 模式基准</span></a><a href="#内存基准" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="内存基准" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">内存基准</span></a><a href="#启动时间" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="启动时间" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">启动时间</span></a><a href="#如何自行运行基准测试" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="如何自行运行基准测试" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">如何自行运行基准测试</span></a><a href="#运行当前仓库内基准" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="运行当前仓库内基准" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">运行当前仓库内基准</span></a><a href="#运行单个框架" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="运行单个框架" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">运行单个框架</span></a><a href="#使用-autocannon-手动测试" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="使用 autocannon 手动测试" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">使用 autocannon 手动测试</span></a><a href="#配置说明" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="配置说明" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">配置说明</span></a><a href="#结论" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="结论" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">结论</span></a><a href="#性能建议" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="性能建议" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="1"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">性能建议</span></a><a href="#相关链接" class="rp-toc-item rp-link" title="相关链接" style="padding-left:0" data-depth="0"><span class="rp-toc-item__text rp-doc">相关链接</span></a></nav><div class="rp-outline__divider"></div><div class="rp-outline__bottom"></div></div></aside></div></div>
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