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<a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/tools">工具教程</a> » <a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/tools/git">Git/GitHub</a> » Git新手教程（1） </div>
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<a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html" title="Git新手教程（1）">Git新手教程（1）</a>
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<span class="meta-author meta-ico"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/author/yalewoo" title="由yalewoo发布" rel="author">yalewoo</a> </span>
<span class="meta-time meta-ico"> 最后修改于 2016-03-28</span>
发表于 2014-07-19
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<div id="content-index" class="content-index" style="margin:0 0 10px 10px;float:right;"><span class="content-index-toctoggle">[<a id="content-index-togglelink" href="javascript:content_index_toggleToc()">目录开关</a>]</span>
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<ul id="content-index-contents"><li class="content-index-level-1"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#Git是目前最先进的分布式版本控制工具" title="Git是目前最先进的分布式版本控制工具"><em>1</em><span>Git是目前最先进的分布式版本控制工具</span></a></li><li class="content-index-level-1"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#安装Git" title="安装Git"><em>2</em><span>安装Git</span></a></li><li class="content-index-level-1"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#创建版本库" title="创建版本库"><em>3</em><span>创建版本库</span></a><ul class="children"><li class="content-index-level-2"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#git init" title="git init"><em>3.1</em><span>git init</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="content-index-level-1"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#添加文件到仓库" title="添加文件到仓库"><em>4</em><span>添加文件到仓库</span></a></li><li class="content-index-level-1"><a href="http://www.yalewoo.com/git_tutorial1.html#暂存区、工作区和版本库" title="暂存区、工作区和版本库"><em>5</em><span>暂存区、工作区和版本库</span></a></li></ul></div>
<p>Git是什么？Git和github有什么关系？为什么要使用Git？怎样使用Git？相信许多初学者接触git时都会有这样的疑问。雅乐网最初也是十分困惑，后来随着不断的学习现在有了一点体会，和大家分享一下。</p>
<h3 id="Git是目前最先进的分布式版本控制工具">Git是目前最先进的分布式版本控制工具</h3>
<p>首先我们看一下什么是版本控制工具。我们写代码的时候，有时候想要修改一个部分，又害怕改坏了，我们就可以把源文件备份一下，等修改测试好后就ok，或者改坏了，我们可以用备份文件来恢复。但是，通过手动copy的方式管理不同的版本实在是太麻烦了。而Git就是新一代的版本控制工具，他主要记录每次的修改内容，我们可以轻易地回到以前的版本。他工作起来应该是这样的：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719114939.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-468" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719114939.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719114939" width="211" height="80" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-468" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719114939.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719114939" width="211" height="80" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>当然还包括其他信息，例如是谁修改的 修改时间 等等。这样我们可以轻易回到某个版本。</p>
<p>那么，什么是分布式呢？相对于那些集中式版本控制工具，分布式版本控制工具源代码在每一台机器上都是完整的，它并不需要集中的服务器，其实他的服务器仅仅是为了方便大家交换代码。而集中式的工具每次工作都需要从服务器下载源代码。不难看出分布式方便安全多了。</p>
<h3 id="安装Git">安装Git</h3>
<p>本人用的是windows下的Git客户端，所以下面仅介绍windows平台。</p>
<p>进入官网下载即可<a target="_blank" href="http://www.git-scm.com/" target="_blank">http://www.git-scm.com/</a></p>
<p>下载后就可以在开始菜单里找到Git——>Git Bash 这就是Git的命令行界面。还有一个Git GUI是图形界面。本文介绍命令行界面。</p>
<p>其实，Git原本是一个Linux上的工具，所以在windows下运行需要Cygwin等模拟环境。但是Git官网下载的Git已经把这两者结合起来了，安装好就可以用了。所以git bash支持常用的Linux命令。</p>
<p>初次运行时，可以设置一下自己的名字和邮箱：</p>
<div id="crayon-5a450ffd420c4015089361" class="crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-consolas crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-mouseover disable-anim wrap" style=" margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">
<div class="crayon-plain-wrap"><textarea class="crayon-plain print-no" data-settings="dblclick" readonly style="-moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "email@example.com"</textarea></div>
<div class="crayon-main" style="">
<table class="crayon-table">
<tr class="crayon-row">
<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
<div class="crayon-nums-content" style="font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="crayon-5a450ffd420c4015089361-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="crayon-5a450ffd420c4015089361-2">2</div></div>
</td>
<td class="crayon-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="crayon-5a450ffd420c4015089361-1"><span class="crayon-sy">$</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">git </span><span class="crayon-v">config</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">--</span><span class="crayon-m">global</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">user</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-i">name</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">"Your Name"</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="crayon-5a450ffd420c4015089361-2"><span class="crayon-sy">$</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">git </span><span class="crayon-v">config</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">--</span><span class="crayon-m">global</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">user</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-i">email</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">"email@example.com"</span></div></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div><p>–global表示对于所有的项目都使用此设置。</p>
<h3 id="创建版本库">创建版本库</h3>
<p>版本库<strong>repository，</strong>可以理解成是一个文件夹，只有创建仓库以后，Git才能跟踪和管理里面的文件。</p>
<p>我们先启动Git Bash 然后新建一个文件夹作为工作文件夹</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719121616.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-469" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719121616.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719121616" width="546" height="401" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-469" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719121616.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719121616" width="546" height="401" /></a></p></noscript>
<h4 id="git init">git init</h4>
<p>git init命令将在当前目录建立git仓库。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125043.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-470" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125043.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719125043" width="460" height="66" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-470" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125043.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719125043" width="460" height="66" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>这时候可以在目录下发现一个.git文件夹 里面保存的是仓库的信息。</p>
<h3 id="添加文件到仓库">添加文件到仓库</h3>
<p>我们新建一个文本文件。</p>
<p>然后使用命令git status</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125920.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-473" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125920.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719125920" width="619" height="282" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-473" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719125920.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719125920" width="619" height="282" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>可以看出，该工作目录下多了readme.txt文件，不过未被跟踪。使用git add命令可以把文件添加进仓库</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130046.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-474" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130046.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719130046" width="349" height="86" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-474" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130046.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719130046" width="349" height="86" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>没有提示的话操作就是成功了QAQ</p>
<p>然后我们看看git status</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130139.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-475" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130139.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719130139" width="399" height="217" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-475" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130139.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719130139" width="399" height="217" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>可见仓库中多了新文件readme.txt 不过还未提交。使用git commit命令把修改提交到仓库。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130338.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-476" data-original="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130338.png" src="http://www.yalewoo.com/wp-content/themes/YLW3_lite/img/loading.gif" alt="搜狗截图20140719130338" width="472" height="110" /></a></p>
<noscript><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-476" src="http://7d9rd6.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/搜狗截图20140719130338.png" alt="搜狗截图20140719130338" width="472" height="110" /></a></p></noscript>
<p>-m后面是参数说明，最好要有意义 比如说明修改内容</p>
<p>再次修改后 ，按照上面步骤git add 和git commit提交即可。</p>
<h3 id="暂存区、工作区和版本库">暂存区、工作区和版本库</h3>
<p>我们的目录learn_git就是工作区，下面的.git文件夹就是版本库。</p>
<p>git使用暂存区机制，git add是把文件推送到暂存区，git commit把暂存区的内容推送到仓库中的当前分支。</p>
<p> </p>
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