feat: S28.09 FreeRtosLwip LAN9118 netif + NO_SYS=0 UDP on QEMU

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -1037,27 +1037,37 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure (ARM cross, NET=LWIP)
         run: cmake --preset freertos-cross-lwip
 
-      - name: Cross-build FreeRTOS+lwIP link-probe ELF
+      - name: Cross-build FreeRTOS+lwIP BDD target ELF
         run: cmake --build --preset freertos-cross-lwip --target SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip
 
       - name: Assert no PlusTcp / Plus-TCP symbols linked
         run: |
           elf=build/freertos-cross-lwip/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip.elf
-          arm-none-eabi-nm "$elf" > /tmp/lwip-probe-symbols.txt
-          if grep -E -i 'PlusTcp|FreeRTOS_socket|FreeRTOS_sendto|FreeRTOS_recv|FreeRTOS_IPInit' /tmp/lwip-probe-symbols.txt; then
-            echo "::error::PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP symbol linked into the lwIP probe ELF"
+          arm-none-eabi-nm "$elf" > /tmp/lwip-symbols.txt
+          if grep -E -i 'PlusTcp|FreeRTOS_socket|FreeRTOS_sendto|FreeRTOS_recv|FreeRTOS_IPInit' /tmp/lwip-symbols.txt; then
+            echo "::error::PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP symbol linked into the lwIP BDD target ELF"
             exit 1
           fi
-          echo "OK: no PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP symbols in the lwIP probe ELF"
+          echo "OK: no PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP symbols in the lwIP BDD target ELF"
 
-      - name: Upload FreeRTOS+lwIP link-probe ELF
+      - name: Upload FreeRTOS+lwIP BDD target ELF
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
         with:
           name: solid-syslog-bdd-target-freertos-lwip
           path: build/freertos-cross-lwip/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip.elf
           retention-days: 1
           compression-level: 0
 
+      # BDD-side mirror of build-time tunables (configure_file). The lwIP bdd
+      # lane consumes this so environment.py's runtime tag gates track the lwIP
+      # target's SOLIDSYSLOG_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE (512, same as +TCP).
+      - name: Upload BDD Python tunables (FreeRTOS+lwIP)
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: bdd-tunables-freertos-lwip
+          path: Bdd/features/steps/solidsyslog_tunables.py
+          retention-days: 1
+
   bdd-freertos-qemu-plustcp:
     needs: build-freertos-target-plustcp
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -1110,6 +1120,60 @@ jobs:
         if: failure()
         run: docker compose -f ci/docker-compose.bdd.yml logs --no-color
 
+  # Advisory (S28.09): not in summary.needs, so a failure does not block
+  # merges while the lwIP netif beds in. S28.11 promotes it to required.
+  bdd-freertos-qemu-lwip:
+    needs: build-freertos-target-lwip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      checks: write
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
+
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: solid-syslog-bdd-target-freertos-lwip
+          path: build/freertos-cross-lwip/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/
+
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: bdd-tunables-freertos-lwip
+          path: Bdd/features/steps/
+
+      - name: Make ELF readable
+        run: chmod +r build/freertos-cross-lwip/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip.elf
+
+      - name: Prepare BDD output directory
+        run: mkdir -p Bdd/junit && chmod 777 Bdd/junit
+
+      - name: Run BDD tests
+        run: >
+          docker compose -f ci/docker-compose.bdd.yml
+          up --abort-on-container-exit --exit-code-from behave-freertos-lwip
+          behave-freertos-lwip syslog-ng-freertos-lwip
+
+      - name: BDD Test Report (FreeRTOS+lwIP)
+        uses: dorny/test-reporter@v3
+        if: success() || failure()
+        with:
+          name: Test Results (BDD FreeRTOS+lwIP)
+          path: Bdd/junit/TESTS-*.xml
+          reporter: java-junit
+
+      - name: Upload JUnit XML
+        if: success() || failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: junit-bdd-freertos-qemu-lwip
+          path: Bdd/junit/TESTS-*.xml
+          retention-days: 1
+
+      - name: Compose logs on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: docker compose -f ci/docker-compose.bdd.yml logs --no-color
+
   summary:
     if: always() && github.event_name == 'pull_request'
     needs: [build-linux-gcc, build-linux-tunable-override, build-linux-clang, sanitize-linux-gcc, coverage-linux-gcc, analyze-tidy, analyze-tidy-freertos-plustcp, analyze-cppcheck, analyze-format, analyze-iwyu, analyze-iwyu-freertos-plustcp, bdd-linux-syslog-ng, build-windows-msvc, bdd-windows-otel, integration-linux-openssl, integration-linux-mbedtls, integration-windows-openssl, build-freertos-host-tdd-plustcp, build-freertos-target-plustcp, bdd-freertos-qemu-plustcp]

Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
-# FreeRTOS + lwIP (Raw API) link-probe ELF for QEMU mps2-an385 (Cortex-M3).
+# FreeRTOS + lwIP (Raw API, NO_SYS=0) BDD target ELF for QEMU mps2-an385
+# (Cortex-M3).
 #
-# S28.07: cross-build the Platform/LwipRaw adapter tree for a FreeRTOS/ARM
-# target, selected via SOLIDSYSLOG_FREERTOS_NET=LWIP, proving it links against
-# lwIP core with zero dependency on Platform/PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP. No
-# LAN9118 netif driver and no QEMU run — those land with S28.09, which reuses
-# this directory's lwipopts.h / FreeRTOSConfig.h / arch/cc.h and grows main.c
-# into the real netif + tcpip integration.
+# S28.09: grew the S28.07 link-probe into a runnable BDD target — a real
+# LAN9118 lwIP netif (netif/EthernetIf.c over the vendored Arm smsc9220
+# driver), tcpip_init + a static IP, and the SolidSyslog UDP pipeline reaching
+# the syslog-ng oracle on QEMU. Selected via SOLIDSYSLOG_FREERTOS_NET=LWIP,
+# with zero dependency on Platform/PlusTcp / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP.
 #
 # Source layout mirrors Bdd/Targets/FreeRtos/CMakeLists.txt: upstream
-# FreeRTOS-Kernel + lwIP-core sources compile into a separate OBJECT library
+# FreeRTOS-Kernel + lwIP-core + lwIP-api + the contrib FreeRTOS sys_arch + the
+# vendored LAN9118 driver compile into a separate OBJECT library
 # (`solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream`) under a relaxed warning set; our own
-# code (main.c, the reused Cortex-M3 startup, and the Platform/LwipRaw adapter
+# code (main.c, the reused Cortex-M3 startup, netif/EthernetIf.c, the
+# Platform/LwipRaw + Platform/FreeRtos adapters, and the shared BddTarget
 # sources) stays in the executable under the strict project warning bar.
 
 set(FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH "$ENV{FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}")
@@ -27,32 +29,48 @@ if(NOT LWIP_DIR)
         "which sets this to /opt/lwip.")
 endif()
 
-# lwIP ships its source lists as *_SRCS variables via Filelists.cmake (it is
-# explicitly NOT an add_subdirectory target). We consume the minimal IPv4 core
-# set — no api/ (NO_SYS=1, no sequential/socket API), no ipv6, no netif driver.
+# lwIP ships its source lists as *_SRCS variables via Filelists.cmake. For
+# NO_SYS=0 we consume the IPv4 core set plus the api/ set (tcpip.c, api_lib,
+# api_msg, …) — the tcpip thread, timeouts, and tcpip_callback marshal hop
+# live there. No ipv6.
 include(${LWIP_DIR}/src/Filelists.cmake)
 
+set(LWIP_CONTRIB_FREERTOS_DIR "${LWIP_DIR}/contrib/ports/freertos")
+
 set(FREERTOS_PORT_DIR "${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/portable/GCC/ARM_CM3")
-set(FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtos/Common")
+set(FREERTOS_TCP_TARGET_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/FreeRtos")
+set(FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR "${FREERTOS_TCP_TARGET_DIR}/Common")
 
 # --- Upstream OBJECT library --------------------------------------------------
 #
-# FreeRTOS kernel (minimal: scheduler + heap) + lwIP IPv4 core, compiled with
-# the relaxed warning set those upstream sources require. The executable
-# consumes the objects via $<TARGET_OBJECTS:...> so the relaxations don't leak.
+# FreeRTOS kernel + lwIP IPv4 core + lwIP api (tcpip thread) + the contrib
+# FreeRTOS sys_arch + the vendored Arm LAN9118 driver, compiled with the
+# relaxed warning set those upstream / third-party sources require. The
+# executable consumes the objects via $<TARGET_OBJECTS:...> so the relaxations
+# don't leak into project code.
 
 add_library(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream OBJECT
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/tasks.c
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/queue.c
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/list.c
+    ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/timers.c
+    ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/event_groups.c
     ${FREERTOS_PORT_DIR}/port.c
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/portable/MemMang/heap_4.c
     ${lwipcore_SRCS}
     ${lwipcore4_SRCS}
+    ${lwipapi_SRCS}
     # etharp (in core4) emits ARP frames via ethernet_output/ethbroadcast/
     # ethzero from netif/ethernet.c — pull that one netif source in (but not
-    # bridgeif/slipif from lwipnetif_SRCS, which this probe has no use for).
+    # bridgeif/slipif from lwipnetif_SRCS, which this target has no use for).
     ${LWIP_DIR}/src/netif/ethernet.c
+    # lwIP FreeRTOS OS-abstraction port (sys_mutex/sem/mbox/thread) — required
+    # for NO_SYS=0.
+    ${LWIP_CONTRIB_FREERTOS_DIR}/sys_arch.c
+    # Vendored Arm LAN9118 (SMSC9220) low-level driver (Apache-2.0). The lwIP
+    # netif wrapper over it (netif/EthernetIf.c) stays in the executable under
+    # the strict bar; this third-party source sits under the relaxations.
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/netif/smsc9220/smsc9220_eth_drv.c
 )
 
 target_compile_options(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream PRIVATE
@@ -61,10 +79,10 @@ target_compile_options(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream PRIVATE
     -ffunction-sections
     -fdata-sections
     -fno-common
-    # FreeRTOS-Kernel + lwIP use non-prototype declarations, type-narrowing
-    # constructs, sign-conversion patterns, and shadowed locals that trip our
-    # strict host warnings. Scoped to this OBJECT library so the relaxations
-    # never reach project code.
+    # FreeRTOS-Kernel + lwIP + the Arm driver use non-prototype declarations,
+    # type-narrowing constructs, sign-conversion patterns, and shadowed locals
+    # that trip our strict host warnings. Scoped to this OBJECT library so the
+    # relaxations never reach project code.
     -Wno-unused-parameter
     -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
     -Wno-implicit-fallthrough
@@ -77,9 +95,11 @@ target_compile_options(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream PRIVATE
 
 target_include_directories(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream PRIVATE
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}                       # FreeRTOSConfig.h, lwipopts.h, arch/cc.h
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/netif/smsc9220        # smsc9220_eth_drv.h, smsc9220_emac_config.h
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/include
     ${FREERTOS_PORT_DIR}                              # portmacro.h
     ${LWIP_DIR}/src/include
+    ${LWIP_CONTRIB_FREERTOS_DIR}/include              # arch/sys_arch.h
 )
 
 # --- Executable ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -89,7 +109,10 @@ target_include_directories(solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream PRIVATE
 
 add_executable(SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip
     main.c
-    ${FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR}/startup.c
+    ${FREERTOS_TCP_TARGET_DIR}/Startup.c              # Ethernet variant: IRQ 13 -> EthernetISR
+    ${FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR}/CmsdkUart.c
+    ${FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR}/Syscalls.c
+    netif/EthernetIf.c
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawAddress.c
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawAddressMessages.c
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawAddressStatic.c
@@ -103,6 +126,14 @@ add_executable(SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawTcpStreamMessages.c
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawTcpStreamStatic.c
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source/SolidSyslogLwipRawMarshal.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Source/SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutex.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Source/SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutexMessages.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Source/SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutexStatic.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Source/SolidSyslogFreeRtosSysUpTime.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/Common/BddTargetInteractive.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/Common/BddTargetIps.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/Common/BddTargetLanguage.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/Common/BddTargetSwitchConfig.c
     $<TARGET_OBJECTS:solid_syslog_freertos_lwip_upstream>
 )
 
@@ -118,13 +149,20 @@ target_compile_options(SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip PRIVATE
 
 target_include_directories(SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip PRIVATE
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}                       # FreeRTOSConfig.h, lwipopts.h, arch/cc.h
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/netif                 # EthernetIf.h
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/netif/smsc9220        # smsc9220_eth_drv.h, smsc9220_emac_config.h
+    ${FREERTOS_COMMON_DIR}                            # CmsdkUart.h
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Core/Interface                # SolidSyslog*.h
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Core/Source                   # internal headers consumed by adapters
-    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Interface    # SolidSyslogLwipRaw{Address,Resolver,Datagram,TcpStream}.h
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Interface    # SolidSyslogLwipRaw{Address,Resolver,Datagram,TcpStream,Marshal}.h
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/LwipRaw/Source        # SolidSyslogLwipRaw*Private.h
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Interface   # SolidSyslogFreeRtos{Mutex,SysUpTime}.h
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Platform/FreeRtos/Source      # SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutexPrivate.h
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Bdd/Targets/Common            # BddTargetInteractive.h, BddTargetSwitchConfig.h, …
     ${FREERTOS_KERNEL_PATH}/include
     ${FREERTOS_PORT_DIR}                              # portmacro.h
     ${LWIP_DIR}/src/include
+    ${LWIP_CONTRIB_FREERTOS_DIR}/include              # arch/sys_arch.h (via lwip/sys.h)
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(SolidSyslogBddTargetLwip PRIVATE

Bdd/Targets/FreeRtosLwip/FreeRTOSConfig.h

@@ -1,55 +1,75 @@
 #ifndef FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
 #define FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
 
-/* FreeRTOS kernel configuration for the Cortex-M3 QEMU mps2-an385 lwIP
- * link-probe (S28.07). Deliberately leaner than Bdd/Targets/FreeRtos/
- * FreeRTOSConfig.h: this image only has to link the kernel alongside lwIP
- * core + the Platform/LwipRaw adapters and start the scheduler with a single
- * probe task that _Create/_Destroys each adapter. No timers, no static
- * allocation, no IP-stack tasks, no hooks — so there is no hook boilerplate
- * to carry. S28.09 introduces the real netif + tcpip integration on top of
- * the fuller FreeRtos config. */
+/* FreeRTOS kernel configuration for Cortex-M3 on QEMU mps2-an385 with lwIP
+ * (Raw API) under NO_SYS=0. lwIP runs its own "tcpip" thread (priority and
+ * stack sized in lwipopts.h via the contrib FreeRTOS sys_arch), the LAN9118
+ * netif RX task at configMAX_PRIORITIES - 2, and the SolidSyslog interactive /
+ * service tasks at tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1.
+ *
+ * S28.09 grew this from the S28.07 link-probe config: the lwIP FreeRTOS
+ * sys_arch needs recursive mutexes (the LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING mutex) and
+ * counting semaphores, and SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutex needs static allocation —
+ * so this now mirrors Bdd/Targets/FreeRtos/FreeRTOSConfig.h (the proven
+ * networking config for this machine) rather than the lean probe variant. The
+ * FreeRTOS software-timer service is left ON for parity even though lwIP runs
+ * its timeouts on the tcpip thread, not FreeRTOS timers. */
 
 #define configUSE_PREEMPTION 1
 #define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK 0
 #define configUSE_TICK_HOOK 0
 #define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ ((unsigned long) 25000000)
 #define configTICK_RATE_HZ ((TickType_t) 100)
-#define configMAX_PRIORITIES 5
+#define configMAX_PRIORITIES 7
 #define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE ((unsigned short) 128)
-#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ((size_t) (32 * 1024))
+#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ((size_t) (96 * 1024))
 #define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN 16
 #define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY 0
 #define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS 0
 #define configIDLE_SHOULD_YIELD 1
 #define configUSE_MUTEXES 1
-#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES 0
-#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES 0
-#define configUSE_TIMERS 0
-#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 0
-#define configUSE_MALLOC_FAILED_HOOK 0
-#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION 0
+#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES 1
+#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES 1
+#define configUSE_TIMERS 1
+#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY (configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1)
+#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH 8
+#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH (configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE * 2)
+#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 2
+#define configUSE_MALLOC_FAILED_HOOK 1
+/* Static allocation is required by SolidSyslogFreeRtosMutex
+ * (xSemaphoreCreateMutexStatic places the StaticSemaphore_t inside the
+ * caller-supplied storage). The idle / timer task static-memory hooks it
+ * pulls in are satisfied by configKERNEL_PROVIDED_STATIC_MEMORY = 1 — no
+ * boilerplate in main.c. Dynamic allocation stays on for the lwIP tcpip /
+ * RX tasks and the interactive / service tasks created via xTaskCreate. */
+#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION 1
 #define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION 1
+#define configKERNEL_PROVIDED_STATIC_MEMORY 1
 
 #define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES 0
 #define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES 1
 
-#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet 0
-#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet 0
-#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete 0
+#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet 1
+#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet 1
+#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete 1
+#define INCLUDE_vTaskCleanUpResources 0
 #define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend 1
-#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil 0
+#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil 1
 #define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay 1
 #define INCLUDE_xTaskGetSchedulerState 1
+#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall 1
+#define INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark 1
 
 /* Cortex-M3 NVIC: top 3 priority bits implemented. */
 #define configPRIO_BITS 3
 #define configKERNEL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY (7 << (8 - configPRIO_BITS))
 #define configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY (5 << (8 - configPRIO_BITS))
+#define configLIBRARY_LOWEST_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY 7
+#define configLIBRARY_MAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY 5
 
 /* Alias FreeRTOS port handlers to the standard CMSIS names so the vector
- * table in Common/startup.c references SVC_Handler / PendSV_Handler /
- * SysTick_Handler (and the FreeRTOS port supplies the bodies). */
+ * table in Startup.c references SVC_Handler / PendSV_Handler / SysTick_Handler
+ * (and the FreeRTOS port supplies the bodies). */
 #define vPortSVCHandler SVC_Handler
 #define xPortPendSVHandler PendSV_Handler
 #define xPortSysTickHandler SysTick_Handler