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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
\documentclass[UTF8, 12pt]{ctexart}
\usepackage{xcolor}
% 使用颜色
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\usepackage{geometry}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{5}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ \subsubsection{极限情况总结}
过程 & $n\to\infty$ & $x\to\infty$ & $x\to+\infty$ & $x\to-\infty$ \\ \hline
时刻 & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$N$} \\ \hline
从此时刻以后 & $n>N$ & $\vert x\vert>N$ & $x>N$ & $x<-N$ \\ \hline
$f(x)$ & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$\vert f(x)-A\vert<\xi$} \\
$f(x)$ & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$\vert f(x)-A\vert<\xi$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Expand All @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ \subsubsection{极限情况总结}
过程 & $x\to x_0$ & $x\to x_0^+$ & $x\to x_0^-$ \\ \hline
时刻 & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\delta$} \\ \hline
从此时刻以后 & $0<\vert x-x_0\vert<\delta$ & $0<x-x_0<\delta$ & $-\delta<x-x_0<0$\\ \hline
$f(x)$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\vert f(x)-A\vert<\xi$} \\
$f(x)$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\vert f(x)-A\vert<\xi$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ \subsection{函数极限}
\end{array}
\right.$
\item 若$f(x)\geqslant g(x)$,则$A\geqslant B$。
\item 若$y=f[g(x)]$由$y=f(u)$与$u=g(x)$复合而成,且$\lim\limits_{x\to x_0}g(x)=u_0$且$\lim\limits_{u\to u_0}f(u)=a$,当$x\in\mathring{U}(x_0,\delta_0)$时,$g(x)\neq u_0$,则$\lim\limits_{x\to x_0}f[g(x)]=a$。
\item 若$y=f[g(x)]$由$y=f(u)$与$u=g(x)$复合而成,且$\lim\limits_{x\to x_0}g(x)=u_0$且$\lim\limits_{u\to u_0}f(u)=a$,当$x\in\mathring{U}(x_0,\delta_0)$时,$g(x)\neq u_0$,则$\lim\limits_{x\to x_0}f[g(x)]=a$。
\end{enumerate}

对于结论7必须\textcolor{orange}{注意}$g(x)\neq u_0$。
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ \subsection{\texorpdfstring{$\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)

证明:$\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^x=\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}e^{\ln(1+\frac{1}{x})^x}=\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}e^{x\ln(1+\frac{1}{x})}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}x\ln(1+\frac{1}{x})}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{\ln(1+\frac{1}{x})}{\frac{1}{x}}}$

$=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x}}\right)\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}{-\frac{1}{x^2}}}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{1}{1+x}}=e$\medskip
$=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x}}\right)\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}{-\frac{1}{x^2}}}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x}}}=e$\medskip

从而$\lim\limits_{\Delta\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\Delta}\right)^\Delta=e$与$\lim\limits_{\Delta\to 0}\left(1+\Delta\right)^{\frac{1}{\Delta}}=e(\Delta\neq 0)$。

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ \subsection{零点与介值定理}

\textbf{例题:}证明方程$x=a\sin x+b(a>0,b>0)$中至少有一个正根,并且不超过$a+b$。

证明:令$f(x)=x-a\sin x-b$,其中$f(0)=-b<0$,$f(a+b)=a+b=a\sin(a+b)-b=a[1-\sin(a+b)]\geqslant 0$。
证明:令$f(x)=x-a\sin x-b$,其中$f(0)=-b<0$,$f(a+b)=a+b-a\sin(a+b)-b=a[1-\sin(a+b)]\geqslant 0$。

若$\sin(a+b)=1$,则根为$a$,结论成立。

Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
% UTF8编码,ctexart现实中文
\usepackage{xcolor}
% 使用颜色
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\usepackage{geometry}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ \subsection{对幂指函数}
$C$ & $0$ & $n^x$ & $n^x\ln n$ \\ \hline
$\log_ax$ & $\dfrac{1}{x\ln a}$ & $\ln x=\ln\vert x\vert$ & $\dfrac{1}{x}$ \\ \hline
$x^n$ & $nx^{n-1}$ & $\sqrt[n]{x}$ & $\dfrac{x^{-\frac{n-1}{n}}}{n}$ \\ \hline
$\dfrac{1}{x^n}$ & $-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}$ & & \\
$\dfrac{1}{x^n}$ & $-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}$ & & \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ \subsection{双曲与反双曲函数}
原函数 & 导函数 & 原函数 & 导函数\\ \hline
$\textrm{sinh}\,x$ & $\textrm{cosh}\,x$ & $\textrm{cosh}\,x$ & $\textrm{sinh}\,x$ \\ \hline
$\textrm{tanh}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{\textrm{cosh}\,x^2}$ & $\textrm{arcsinh}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}$ \\ \hline
$\textrm{arccosh}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-1}}$ & $\textrm{arctan}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{1-x^2}$ \\
$\textrm{arccosh}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-1}}$ & $\textrm{arctanh}\,x$ & $\dfrac{1}{1-x^2}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
% UTF8编码,ctexart现实中文
\usepackage{xcolor}
% 使用颜色
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\usepackage{geometry}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ \subsubsection{定义}
\item $f(x)$在$(a,b)$内可导。
\item $f(a)=f(b)$。
\end{enumerate}

则$\exists\,\xi\in(a,b)$,使得$f'(\xi)=0$。
\end{minipage}
\hfill
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ \subsection{曲线凹凸性与拐点}

不妨设$x_1<x_2$,且$\dfrac{x_1+x_2}{2}=x_0$。

$f(x_1)+f(x_2)-2(x_0)=[f(x_2)-f(x_0)]-[f(x_1)-f(x_0)]$
$f(x_1)+f(x_2)-2f(x_0)=[f(x_2)-f(x_0)]-[f(x_1)-f(x_0)]$

$\xRightarrow{\text{拉格朗日中值定理}}=f'(\xi_2)(x_2-x_0)-f'(\xi_1)(x_0-x_1)=\dfrac{x_2-x_1}{2}[f'(\xi_2)-f'(\xi_1)]>0$

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ \subsection{弧微分}
\filldraw[black](0.95,1.1) node{$y_0$};
\filldraw[black](0.75,0.35) node{$\Delta x$};
\filldraw[black](1.1,0.6) node{$\Delta y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
Expand All @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ \subsection{弧微分}
\filldraw[black](0.95,1.1) node{$y_0$};
\filldraw[black](0.75,0.35) node{$\textrm{d}x$};
\filldraw[black](1.1,0.6) node{$\textrm{d}y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ \subsection{曲率}
\filldraw[black] (0,0) node[below]{$O$};
\draw[black, thick,domain=-0.1:1.1] plot (\x, \x*\x);
\draw[densely dashed](0.5,0.25) -- (0.5, 0) node[below]{$x$};
\draw[densely dashed](1,1) -- (1, 0) node[below]{$x+\Delta x$};
\draw[densely dashed](1,1) -- (1, 0) node[below]{$x+\Delta x$};
\filldraw[black](0.5,0.35) node{$y$};
\filldraw[black](0.95,1.1) node{$y_0$};
\filldraw[black] (1/2,1/4) circle (0.5pt);
Expand All @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ \subsection{曲率}
\draw[line width=0.1] (0.85,0.7) arc (50:0:0.1);
\filldraw[black](1,0.8) node{$\Delta\alpha$};
\filldraw[black](0.5,0.8) node{$\vert\wideparen{yy_0}\vert=\Delta s$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.6\linewidth}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ \subsection{曲率半径}
\filldraw[black] (-0.75,0) node{$T$};
\draw[black, thick,domain=-1:1] plot (\x, \x*\x);
\draw[black] (0,0.5) circle (0.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}

\end{document}
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
% UTF8编码,ctexart现实中文
\usepackage{color}
% 使用颜色
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0}
\definecolor{violet}{RGB}{192,0,255}
\definecolor{aqua}{RGB}{0,255,255}
\usepackage{geometry}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{5}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ \subsubsection{直角坐标系}

\begin{minipage}{0.6\linewidth}
$\sigma=\{(x,y)|a\leqslant x\leqslant b,\psi(x)\leqslant y\leqslant\phi(x)\}$。

也称为上下型区域。

$\iint\limits_Df(x,y)\,\textrm{d}\sigma=\int_a^b\textrm{d}x\int_{\psi(x)}^{\phi(x)}f(x,y)\,\textrm{d}y$。
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ \subsubsection{二重积分处理一元积分}

$\textrm{d}\sigma$是第一象限,可以看作一个广义的圆,半径无限大,转换为极坐标系。

$=\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}\textrm{d}\theta\int_0^{+\infty}e^{-r^2}r\,\textrm{d}r=\displaystyle{\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}\dfrac{1}{2}\,\textrm{d}\theta}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}$。$\therefore I=\dfrac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}$。
$=\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}\textrm{d}\theta\int_0^{+\infty}e^{-r^2}r\,\textrm{d}r=\displaystyle{\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}\dfrac{1}{2}\,\textrm{d}\theta}=\dfrac{\pi}{4}$。$\therefore I=\dfrac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}$。

\subsection{二重积分应用}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ \subsubsection{基础方法}
\item $L:\left\{\begin{array}{c}
x=\phi(t) \\
y=\psi(t)
\end{array}\right.$($\alpha\leqslant t\leqslant\beta$),$\int_Lf(x,y)\,\textrm{d}s=\int_\alpha^\beta f[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\\\sqrt{\phi'^2(t)+\psi'^2(t)}\textrm{d}t$。
\end{array}\right.$($\alpha\leqslant t\leqslant\beta$),$\int_Lf(x,y)\,\textrm{d}s=\int_\alpha^\beta f[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\\\sqrt{\phi'^2(t)+\psi'^2(t)}\textrm{d}t$。
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{平面} \leavevmode \medskip
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ \subsubsection{定积分法}
\item $L:\left\{\begin{array}{c}
x=\phi(t) \\
y=\psi(t)
\end{array}\right.$($t$起于$\alpha$终于$\beta$),$\int_LP(x,y)\,\textrm{d}x+Q(x,y)\,\textrm{d}y=\\\int_\alpha^\beta P[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\phi'(t)\,\textrm{d}t+Q[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\psi'(t)\textrm{d}t$。
\end{array}\right.$($t$起于$\alpha$终于$\beta$),$\int_LP(x,y)\,\textrm{d}x+Q(x,y)\,\textrm{d}y=\\\int_\alpha^\beta P[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\phi'(t)\,\textrm{d}t+Q[\phi(t),\psi(t)]\psi'(t)\textrm{d}t$。
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{二重积分法}
Expand Down