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107 changes: 107 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -327,6 +327,113 @@ To cite dataset used in this work, please use:
}
```

## Benchmark Results

### Spider Benchmark Performance

NSQL-llama-2-7B achieves near-parity with GPT-4 on overall execution accuracy while being **~250× smaller**, and **significantly outperforms GPT-4 on complex queries**.

#### Overall Results

| Model | Parameters | Execution Acc | Matching Acc |
|-------|------------|---------------|--------------|
| **NSQL-llama-2-7B** | **7B** | **75.0%** | **66.3%** |
| GPT-4 | ~1.8T | 76.2% | 41.9% |
| GPT-3.5 | — | 72.8% | 44.2% |
| Llama-2-7B (base) | 7B | 29.1% | 19.3% |

#### Performance by Query Complexity

| Query Type | NSQL-7B | GPT-4 | Δ |
|------------|---------|-------|---|
| **Join** | **53.7%** | ~37.6% | **+43%** |
| **Nested** | **57.2%** | ~37.1% | **+54%** |
| Simple | 91.4% | Higher | — |

**Key insight:** NSQL outperforms GPT-4 on complex queries (joins, nested) while achieving near-parity overall at 250× smaller size.

### Why This Matters

- ✅ **+43% better on Join queries** — critical for multi-table enterprise data
- ✅ **+54% better on Nested queries** — complex business logic
- ✅ **+24.4 points on Matching Accuracy** — structurally correct SQL
- ✅ **250× smaller** — runs locally, no API calls, complete privacy
- ✅ **Near-parity overall** — 75.0% vs 76.2% execution accuracy

### Full Model Comparison

<details>
<summary>Click to expand full benchmark table</summary>

#### Open Models

| Model | Size | Spider Exec | Spider Match | GeoQuery Exec | GeoQuery Match |
|-------|------|-------------|--------------|---------------|----------------|
| NSQL-350M | 350M | 51.7% | 45.6% | 18.4% | 4.3% |
| NSQL-2B | 2B | 59.3% | 53.2% | 18.4% | 15.2% |
| NSQL-6B | 6B | 63.6% | 57.4% | 26.5% | 15.2% |
| **NSQL-llama-2-7B** | **7B** | **75.0%** | **66.3%** | **26.5%** | **30.4%** |
| Llama-2-7B | 7B | 29.1% | 19.3% | 0% | 8.7% |
| Llama-2-13B | 13B | 44.9% | 32.2% | 12.2% | 26.1% |
| Llama-2-70B | 70B | 61.5% | 35.4% | 12.2% | 28.3% |
| StarCoder | 15.5B | 57.7% | 36.0% | 12.2% | 13.0% |

#### Closed Models

| Model | Size | Spider Exec | Spider Match | GeoQuery Exec | GeoQuery Match |
|-------|------|-------------|--------------|---------------|----------------|
| Text-Davinci-003 | 175B | 72.0% | 49.9% | 24.5% | 41.3% |
| GPT-3.5 Chat | — | 72.8% | 44.2% | 46.9% | 39.1% |
| **GPT-4** | **~1.8T** | **76.2%** | **41.9%** | **55.1%** | **39.1%** |

</details>

### Query Type Breakdown (NSQL Models)

| Model | Join | Nested | Simple |
|-------|------|--------|--------|
| NSQL-6B | 37.5% | 37.1% | 83.5% |
| **NSQL-llama-2-7B** | **53.7%** | **57.2%** | **91.4%** |

---

## Evaluation

**Benchmark:** Spider (Yu et al., 2018) — the standard academic evaluation for Text-to-SQL

**Metrics:**
- **Execution Accuracy:** Does the SQL return correct results?
- **Matching Accuracy:** Does the SQL structure match ground truth?

**Query Categories:**
- **Join:** Queries requiring multiple table joins
- **Nested:** Queries with subqueries
- **Simple:** Single-table queries

---


## Contributors

- **Vishal Motwani** — Founding Product Engineer, Numbers Station AI
- **Sen Wu** — Co-founder, Numbers Station AI
- **Laurel Orr** — Principal Developer, Numbers Station AI

---

## Citation

If you use NSQL in your research, please cite:

```bibtex
@misc{nsql2024,
title={NSQL: An Open-Source Text-to-SQL Model Family},
author={Numbers Station AI},
year={2024},
url={https://huggingface.co/NumbersStation}
}
```


## Acknowledgement
We are appreciative to the work done by the all authors for those datasets that made this project possible.