SURYA – The BOSS

Solar Utility for Real-time Yield and Automation

A smart renewable-energy project that combines dual-axis solar tracking with an automatic solar-powered lighting system using Arduino.

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📌 Overview

SURYA is an embedded renewable-energy system designed to maximize solar energy utilization through real-time sunlight tracking and provide automatic lighting during low-light/night conditions.

The project consists of two integrated subsystems:

1. Dual-Axis Solar Tracker

   • Uses 3 LDR sensors to detect sunlight intensity.
   • Controls 2 servo motors to orient the solar panel toward the direction of maximum sunlight.

2. Solar-Powered Automatic Light

   • Uses a 6V solar panel, TP4056 charging module, and 18650 Li-ion battery.
   • Powers an LED panel automatically during night/low-light conditions using a MOSFET switch controlled by Arduino.

This project demonstrates practical implementation of renewable energy harvesting, sensor-based control, and automation in a compact prototype.

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🎯 Objectives

• Maximize solar energy capture using real-time dual-axis solar tracking
• Build an automatic night lighting system powered by solar energy
• Use Arduino-based control logic for both tracking and lighting
• Create a low-cost and scalable prototype for renewable-energy applications

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✨ Features

• 🌞 Dual-axis solar tracking
• 🔦 Real-time sunlight detection using 3 LDR sensors
• ⚙️ 2-servo panel movement (horizontal + vertical)
• 🔋 Solar charging using TP4056
• 💡 Automatic LED control during low-light conditions
• 🧠 Single-controller (Arduino) logic for tracking + lighting
• 🛠️ Simple, low-cost prototype architecture
• 📈 Serial Monitor output for live LDR debugging

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🧩 System Architecture

1. Solar Tracker Subsystem

• Arduino UNO
• 2 × SG90 Servo Motors
• 3 × LDR Sensors
• 3 × 1kΩ resistors (used as LDR divider resistors)

2. Solar Light Subsystem

• 6V Solar Panel
• 1N4007 Diode
• TP4056 Charging Module
• 1 × 18650 Li-ion Battery
• LED Panel / LED Strip
• N-channel MOSFET
• 1 × 1kΩ resistor (MOSFET gate resistor)

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🔌 Pin Configuration

Arduino Pin	Connection
D2	Horizontal Servo Signal
D13	Vertical Servo Signal
D4	MOSFET Gate (LED control)
A0	Top Left LDR
A1	Top Right LDR
A2	Bottom Left LDR
5V	LDR divider supply + servo Vcc
GND	LDR divider ground + servo GND + common ground reference

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⚡ Power Architecture

🔵 Tracker System Power

• Arduino powered initially via USB (recommended for testing)
• Can also be powered through 12V adapter via barrel jack for standalone operation

🟢 Solar Light System Power

• 6V solar panel charges a 1S 18650 Li-ion battery through TP4056
• The battery powers the LED panel
• Arduino controls the LED through a MOSFET

Important:
If Arduino controls the MOSFET gate, then Arduino GND must be connected to TP4056 OUT- to provide a common reference ground.

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🛠️ Circuit Summary

1. LDR Voltage Divider (for each LDR)

5V ---- LDR ----●---- 1kΩ ---- GND
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               A0 / A1 / A2