feat(checker): unify generic call inference

[akonwi]

Summary

• adopt ADR 0055 and consolidate Ard generic calls around fresh, call-local inference variables
• apply receiver and explicit bindings before checking arguments, then reconcile argument, parameter, and expected-return constraints deterministically
• support nested contextual inference while preserving independently generic higher-order calls such as decoder combinators
• reject unresolved call-owned generics before AIR, including forward calls, function values, builtin constructors, and nested shapes
• preserve source-order refinement for named arguments and improve conflict diagnostics with establishing-source labels
• complete generic traversal for functions, collections, channels, references, nominal applications, and foreign types
• lower explicit generic Go calls using concrete AIR argument types so conversions and empty collections remain correctly typed

Validation

• cd compiler && go test ./... -count=1
• Decode: 9 passed
• Tinear: 36 passed
• SQL: 6 passed
• Maestro server: 46 passed

Performance exploration

Warm ard check comparisons against the pre-change commit were effectively neutral on real projects:

• Decode: +0.6%
• Tinear: +0.5%
• Maestro: -1.2%

An intentionally generic-heavy synthetic file with 6,000 calls increased from 24.9 ms to 36.4 ms (+46%, about 1.9 µs per generic call). This change prioritizes correctness; the synthetic result provides a follow-up optimization data point.

Fixes #325

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
ard-lang-dev	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 24, 2026 3:15am