fix(checker): preserve Ard ownership in Go interfaces

[akonwi]

Summary

• define Go interface conversion semantics in proposed ADR 0056 and a durable Go interface reference
• accept Ard-owned values and mutable references consistently in Ard and direct Go call paths
• box W values into interface-owned storage when Go requires *W, while preserving identity for mut W
• carry explicit value, owned-pointer, and existing-reference modes through checker, AIR, and Go lowering
• preserve mutable-reference provenance independently from binding-slot reassignability

Semantics

Ard source	Go interface payload	Mutation target
W	owned value or compiler-owned *W box	interface-owned copy
reassignable slot containing W	same as W	interface-owned copy
mut W	existing *W reference	original referent
explicit mut <place>	existing *W reference	original place

The dynamic Go type remains observable: value-receiver implementations use dynamic W for value sources and *W for reference sources; pointer-required implementations use *W.

Validation

Ard compiler

• go test ./... -count=1
• gopls check on changed Go files (only pre-existing redundant break diagnostics)
• two-pass code review with no remaining correctness or security findings

Downstream Ard projects

• Dram: check, 32 Ard tests, API visibility, HTTP/SSE smoke, Hello build, AI Chat build and Go tests
• Decode: format check and 9 Ard tests
• SQL: 6 Ard tests and Go tests
• Tinear: check, 36 Ard tests, and standalone build
• Maestro server: check, 46 Ard tests, Go tests, server build, and 35 Bun API integration tests

Formatting checks identified pre-existing differences in dram.ard, sql.ard, and Maestro server Ard files; no downstream files were modified.

Fixes #338

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
ard-lang-dev	Building	Preview	Jul 25, 2026 3:21am