GH-2607: Improve "null decryptor" exception in column chunk metadata

[ArnavBalyan]

Rationale for this change

• Closes: Make "null decryptor" exception more informative #2607
• Users get cryptic "null decryptor" exception when decryption properties are not available/decryptor could not be created.
• Improve exception and add more actionable error message for reader.

Are these changes tested?

• Yes / CI

Are there any user-facing changes?

• Yes

[ArnavBalyan]

cc @gszadovszky could you please take a look thanks!

[gszadovszky]

I think the error message is too detailed related to how the decryption properties can be set. I think there are more options to do this.
I see the point of providing actionable error messages but it is more the job of the application and not the library. Let's keep only the actual message that no decryption properties were provided for the encrypted column.

[ArnavBalyan]

Makes sense, I think the current error string should be sufficient and job owner can debug. Closing this now