fix(dockerfile): bump curl, remove pcre bump

[billhimmelsbach]

Right now on nginx:alpine3.23, curl has vulnerabilities that haven't made it into the newest release yet, at least in a way that prisma cloud is happy with.

It's a little tricky to update curl manually, but I think it's worth it for now (with a follow-up ticket GHE #5550 to remove this temporary patch down the road if we want to).

The update we need for curl is only in the alpine edge repository.

I'm also taking the moment to remove the pcre2 temporary fix, since it's been updated in the latest version of the docker image.

Changes

• updates curl from the alpine edge repository (and their peer deps)
• removes the old pcre2 patch that is no longer needed (prisma now passes without it)

Testing

• Does this resolve the vulnerabilities to prisma's satisfaction? Yes!

• Does it look good on staging? Yes!

[contolini]

It builds and stagin' lookin' good! 👍