[Fork] Refactor build test workflow

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ jobs:
           echo version="$version" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Build base image
+        id: build-base
         uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f  # v7.1.0
+        # Push is best-effort on PRs; fork tokens may lack package write access
+        continue-on-error: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         env:
           DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
           DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -84,7 +87,10 @@ jobs:
             ${{ steps.image.outputs.image }}:${{ matrix.base }}-${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}
 
       - name: Build ha-addon image
+        id: build-ha-addon
         uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f  # v7.1.0
+        # Push is best-effort on PRs; fork tokens may lack package write access
+        continue-on-error: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         env:
           DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
           DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -99,67 +105,48 @@ jobs:
           tags: |
             ${{ steps.image.outputs.image }}:${{ matrix.base }}-ha-addon-${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.version }}
 
-  build-test:
-    name: Build test (${{ matrix.base }})
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        base:
-          - debian
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
-
-      - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121  # v4.1.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.actor }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      # Integration test: build ESPHome on top of the base image (PR + debian only)
+      - name: Build base image (local)
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.base == 'debian'
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            --target base \
+            -t "ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:${{ matrix.base }}-pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}" \
+            -f ./${{ matrix.base }}/Dockerfile \
+            ./${{ matrix.base }}
+
+      - name: Build ha-addon image (local)
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.base == 'debian'
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            --target ha-addon \
+            -t "ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:${{ matrix.base }}-ha-addon-pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}" \
+            -f ./${{ matrix.base }}/Dockerfile \
+            ./${{ matrix.base }}
 
       - name: Clone ESPHome repository
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.base == 'debian'
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
         with:
           repository: esphome/esphome
           ref: dev
           path: esphome
 
-      - name: Re-tag PR base image for ESPHome Dockerfile
+      - name: Build ESPHome image
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.base == 'debian'
         run: |
-          pr_tag="pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}"
-          pr_image="ghcr.io/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.owner.login }}/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.name }}:${{ matrix.base }}-${pr_tag}"
-          # Pull the PR base image
-          docker pull "${pr_image}"
-          # Re-tag to match what ESPHome's Dockerfile expects:
-          #   FROM ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:${BUILD_OS}-${BUILD_BASE_VERSION}
-          docker tag "${pr_image}" "ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:${{ matrix.base }}-${pr_tag}"
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd  # v4.0.0
-        with:
-          driver: docker
-
-      - name: Build ESPHome image using ESPHome Dockerfile
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f  # v7.1.0
-        env:
-          DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
-          DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
-        with:
-          context: ./esphome
-          file: ./esphome/docker/Dockerfile
-          target: final
-          build-args: |
-            BUILD_TYPE=docker
-            BUILD_VERSION=ci
-            BUILD_OS=${{ matrix.base }}
-            BUILD_BASE_VERSION=pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          load: true
-          tags: esphome-test:latest
+          docker build \
+            --target final \
+            --build-arg BUILD_TYPE=docker \
+            --build-arg BUILD_VERSION=ci \
+            --build-arg "BUILD_OS=${{ matrix.base }}" \
+            --build-arg "BUILD_BASE_VERSION=pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}" \
+            -t esphome-test:latest \
+            -f ./esphome/docker/Dockerfile \
+            ./esphome
 
       - name: Compile test ESP32 config
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.base == 'debian'
         run: |
           docker run --rm \
             -v ${{ github.workspace }}/tests:/tests \