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🇵🇹 Portuguese Reference — European Portuguese A1/A2

A free, fast, mobile-friendly grammar and vocabulary reference for learners of European Portuguese at A1/A2 level. Built alongside a PLA (Português Língua de Acolhimento) course in Lisbon.

🔗 Live site: purple-hill-04b8ac910.6.azurestaticapps.net


What's inside

📚 Grammar

Section Contents Session
Alphabet All 26 letters with names, phonetic sounds and key rules — H (silent), R (guttural), S (3 sounds), X, LH, NH 1
Pronunciation Vowel and consonant sound tables with English translations. Why EU Portuguese sounds "swallowed". Listening tips. 1–3
Pronouns Personal pronouns, tu vs você vs o senhor, formal/informal address rules 2
Prepositions & Articles 10 core prepositions with examples; POR vs PARA; EM vs A; definite/indefinite articles; mandatory contractions 3
Location Expressions Locuções de lugar — em cima de / debaixo de, dentro / fora, à frente / atrás, perto / longe, ao lado, entre; asking/answering Onde fica?; Preposições de Movimento detailed breakdown (a / para / por / de / em); transport prepositions (ir de carro vs no carro do João); ir a pé 7–8
Gender Noun gender rules by ending (-o, -a, -ção, -dade, -ema trap), exceptions 1–3
Singular/Plural Plural formation rules; -ão grouped into 3 patterns (-ãos: mão/irmão/corrimão; -ões: avião/canção/coração — most common; -ães: pão/cão/alemão — rarest); irregular gender pairs (rei/rainha, pai/mãe, homem/mulher, ator/atriz); adjective agreement 3 & UFCD 6453 S5
Possessives Full possessive table (meu/minha/nosso…), SEU/SUA ambiguity, DELE/DELA fix, determiner vs pronoun 5
Demonstratives ESTE/ESSE/AQUELE by distance + paired adverbs (aqui/aí/ali); o outro/a outra; neutro forms ISTO/ISSO/AQUILO; pronoun use to avoid repetition; ESTE vs ISTO rule; full contraction table (neste, naquele, daquele, daquelas, daquilo, àquela…) 5 & UFCD 6453 S3
Questions All 9 interrogative pronouns with examples; É QUE construction; affirmative/negative/interrogative structure 4
Muito / Pouco Agreement rules: before a noun → agree in gender+number (muito/muita/muitos/muitas; pouco/pouca/poucos/poucas); after a verb → invariable (trabalha muito, estudar pouco); decision rule; 9 worked examples from class exercises UFCD 6453 S5
Comparatives Grau comparativo — superiority (mais + adj + do que), equality (tão + adj + como), inferiority (menos + adj + do que); irregular forms: melhor/pior/maior/menor; corrected examples; superlativo relativo UFCD 6453 S2

🔧 Verbs

Section Contents Session
Ser vs Estar Full present and past conjugations, when to use each, tricky cases, FOI explained 2–3
Estar Patterns ESTAR + em, + adjetivo, + COM + nome (fome/sede/sono/calor/frio/medo…), ESTAR A + infinitivo, TER DE/QUE + infinitivo 5
Verb Patterns -AR/-ER/-IR conjugation families; affirmative/negative/interrogative structure 4
Core Verbs 16 essential verbs with full conjugations and examples: ter, ir, falar, morar, gostar, querer, poder, chamar-se, tomar, almoçar, jantar, costumar, apanhar, começar, voltar 2–7
Reflexive Verbs Pronoun position rules; NÓS -s drop rule; 13 reflexive verbs: chamar-se, levantar-se, deitar-se, vestir-se, lavar-se, pentear-se, barbear-se, sentir-se, lembrar-se, esquecer-se, acordar-se, preparar-se, enganar-se 6–7
Irregular Verbs 11 high-frequency irregular verbs: ir, vir, ver, ler, sair, dormir, haver, dar, trazer, dizer, ouvir 6
Future Plans IR + infinitivo for future plans; full conjugation table with example sentences per person; 10 time expressions (amanhã, na próxima semana, no próximo mês…); IR+inf vs COSTUMAR+inf — future plan vs recurring habit UFCD 6453 S5

📖 Vocabulary

Section Contents Session
Numbers 0–20; tens 30–90 (invariable); hundreds 100–900 with full gender table; ordinals; compound construction 2 & 6
Days, Time & Seasons Weekday numbering system; months; four seasons; parts of the day; clock-reading; Preposições de Tempo (A / DE / EM / DE…A / POR VOLTA DE) with typed examples; habitual vs specific day-of-week rule (À/Aos vs No/Na); frequency adverbials scale (sempre → nunca); depois / a seguir / antes 2, 5 & 8
Identity Personal ID vocabulary; marital status; daily routine check-in; countries with nationalities (m/f) and languages 2
Family Nuclear, extended and reconstituted family; all masculine/feminine pairs; model sentences 4
House & Home Rooms, exterior, floor numbering (rés do chão vs 1º andar) 4
Description Physical appearance; personality adjectives; adjective agreement rules 3
Money & Prices Euro; reading prices aloud; comma/period decimal/thousands note; key phrases; multibanco 6
Transport Vehicles (comboio, autocarro, elétrico, camioneta, barco, avião…); stops and stations; tickets and passes; engarrafamento; essential phrases; EU vs Brazilian differences 6–7
Typical Dishes 20 bacalhau recipes with descriptions; carne dishes (cozido à portuguesa, leitão, francesinha, chanfana, alheiras…); sopas (caldo-verde, canja, sopa da pedra, gaspacho); sobremesas (pastéis de Belém, arroz-doce, bolo-rei, sericaia…); secções do supermercado (19 sections) UFCD 6453 S2
Kitchen & Table Equipamentos (micro-ondas, frigorífico, torradeira, máquina de café, lavar louça, lavar roupa); utensílios (faca, garfo, colher de pau, concha, escumadeira, espátula, cutelo, ralador, rolo da massa, tábua, varinha, luva, avental, saca-rolhas, faqueiro); tachos e panelas (frigideira, panela, tacho, caçarola, chaleira, fervedor); louça (pratos, chávena, pires, caneca, tigela, bule, jarro, copo, travessa, saladeira, tabuleiro); talheres e mesa (colheres de sopa/sobremesa/café, facas e garfos de carne/peixe, saleiro, pimenteiro, guardanapo, toalha de mesa) — all with emoji icons UFCD 6453 S3
Food & Meals Five meals with times and verbs; IR A + shop with contraction table (ao/à/aos/às); food shops (talho, padaria, pastelaria, peixaria, frutaria, mercearia); GOSTAR/PREFERIR/COMER/BEBER with full conjugations; 14 cooking verbs (cozer, assar, grelhar, fritar, estufar, refogar…); food adjectives — taste (doce, azedo, picante…), texture (crocante, mastigável, suculento…), ripeness (maduro, passado, fresco…); physical state (com fome, com sede, cheio); DEVER + infinitivo for food advice; COSTUMAR for habits; example menu 7 & UFCD 6453
Leisure & Free Time Rural vs urban zones; rural activities (acampar, pescar, caminhadas…); urban activities (ir às compras, ginásio, cinema, teatro, concerto, discoteca…); general leisure (dançar, viajar, ouvir música, ler…); key phrases including COSTUMAR/IR + infinitivo UFCD 6453 S5
Expressions Agreement/disagreement, opinions, emotions, connectors (mas, porque, então…), café vocabulary 1–3
Survival Phrases Greetings, classroom phrases, politeness 1
Idioms 10 food and everyday idioms with literal translation and example: estar feito ao bife, não vai ser pera doce, canja de galinha, dar água pela barba, engolir o sapo, não há bela sem senão, custar os olhos da cara, meter os pés pelas mãos, and more UFCD 6453 S3
Social Etiquette QUERIA rule (imperfect for polite requests vs direct QUERO); 6 worked restaurant dialogues showing QUERIA/DESEJO/IMPORTA-SE/POSSO in context; 9 meal phrases; 6 mesa expressions (pôr a mesa, estar à mesa, conhecer a boa mesa…) UFCD 6453 S3

✏️ Practice

Write-in questions to practise self-introduction in Portuguese.


Features

  • 🔊 Listen button — every Portuguese word and phrase has a 🔊 button. Uses the browser's built-in Web Speech API with European Portuguese (pt-PT) voice. Falls back to Brazilian Portuguese with a notice if EU voice is not installed. No API key, works offline.
  • 🔍 Full-text search — searches all sections simultaneously with match highlighting, results grouped by section
  • 📱 Mobile-friendly — sidebar on desktop, hamburger drawer on mobile, responsive throughout
  • Instant load — pure HTML/CSS/JS, no frameworks, no blank-screen delay, works offline
  • 🔗 Deep links — every section has its own URL hash (#food, #location, #irregular-verbs)
  • 🇵🇹 Portuguese flag favicon — SVG embedded directly, works in all browsers including Windows Chrome
  • 🖨️ Print-friendly — sidebar hides automatically when printing

About this reference

Built alongside a PLA — Português Língua de Acolhimento (A1/A2) course at NIALP — Associação Intercultural Lisboa. The course runs for 150 hours across 7 units and concludes with an official A2 certificate.

Course structure

Nível A1

  • UFCD 6452 — Eu e a minha rotina diária (Sessions 1–8 covered)
  • UFCD 6453 — Hábitos alimentares, cultura e lazer (Sessions 1–5 covered: food shops, cooking verbs, food adjectives, IR a + shop, pratos típicos, secções do supermercado, comparativos, utensílios de cozinha/louça/talheres, idiomas, fórmulas de cortesia, demonstrativos, muito/pouco agreement, IR + infinitivo (future plans), leisure vocabulary)
  • UFCD 6453 — Hábitos alimentares, cultura e lazer
  • UFCD 6454 — O corpo humano, saúde e serviços

Nível A2

  • UFCD 6455 — Eu e o mundo do trabalho
  • UFCD 6456 — O meu passado e o meu presente
  • UFCD 6457 — Comunicação e vida em sociedade

Content is updated after each session. All pronunciation is given in phonetic brackets [like this]. Examples always include English translations.


European Portuguese — not Brazilian

This reference focuses specifically on European Portuguese. Key differences highlighted throughout:

  • Pronunciation: EU Portuguese swallows unstressed vowels; Brazilian opens them wide
  • Ongoing actions: EU uses estar a + infinitivo ("estou a estudar"); BR uses gerund ("estou estudando")
  • Transport: EU comboio (BR trem), EU autocarro (BR ônibus), EU paragem (BR parada), EU sumo (BR suco)

Contributing

Found an error or want to suggest an addition? Open an issue or submit a pull request.


License

Free to use, share and adapt. No rights reserved — learn Portuguese! 🙂

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