Add prism

config.json

@@ -1230,6 +1230,14 @@
         ],
         "difficulty": 5
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "prism",
+        "name": "Prism",
+        "uuid": "366fef41-bf62-4314-a6f5-bba9eacd82a0",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 5
+      },
       {
         "slug": "pythagorean-triplet",
         "name": "Pythagorean Triplet",

exercises/Exercises.slnx

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
     <Project Path="practice/pig-latin/PigLatin.vbproj" />
     <Project Path="practice/poker/Poker.vbproj" />
     <Project Path="practice/prime-factors/PrimeFactors.vbproj" />
+    <Project Path="practice/prism/Prism.vbproj" />
     <Project Path="practice/protein-translation/ProteinTranslation.vbproj" />
     <Project Path="practice/proverb/Proverb.vbproj" />
     <Project Path="practice/pythagorean-triplet/PythagoreanTriplet.vbproj" />

exercises/practice/prism/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Instructions
+
+Before activating the laser array, you must predict the exact order in which crystals will be hit, identified by their sample IDs.
+
+## Example Test Case
+
+Consider this crystal array configuration:
+
+```json
+{
+  "start": { "x": 0, "y": 0, "angle": 0 },
+  "prisms": [
+    { "id": 1, "x": 10, "y": 10, "angle": -90 },
+    { "id": 2, "x": 10, "y": 0, "angle": 90 },
+    { "id": 3, "x": 30, "y": 10, "angle": 45 },
+    { "id": 4, "x": 20, "y": 0, "angle": 0 }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## What's Happening
+
+The laser starts at the origin `(0, 0)` and fires horizontally to the right at angle 0°.
+Here's the step-by-step beam path:
+
+**Step 1**: The beam travels along the x-axis (y = 0) and first encounters **Crystal #2** at position `(10, 0)`.
+This crystal has a refraction angle of 90°, which means it bends the beam perpendicular to its current path.
+The beam, originally traveling at 0°, is now redirected to 90° (straight up).
+
+**Step 2**: The beam now travels vertically upward from position `(10, 0)` and strikes **Crystal #1** at position `(10, 10)`.
+This crystal has a refraction angle of -90°, bending the beam by -90° relative to its current direction.
+The beam was traveling at 90°, so after refraction it's now at 0° (90° + (-90°) = 0°), traveling horizontally to the right again.
+
+**Step 3**: From position `(10, 10)`, the beam travels horizontally and encounters **Crystal #3** at position `(30, 10)`.
+This crystal refracts the beam by 45°, changing its direction to 45°.
+The beam continues into empty space beyond the array.
+
+!["A graph showing the path of a laser beam refracted through three prisms."](https://assets.exercism.org/images/exercises/prism/laser_path-light.svg)

exercises/practice/prism/.docs/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Introduction
+
+You're a researcher at **PRISM** (Precariously Redirected Illumination Safety Management), working with a precision laser calibration system that tests experimental crystal prisms.
+These crystals are being developed for next-generation optical computers, and each one has unique refractive properties based on its molecular structure.
+The lab's laser system can damage crystals if they receive unexpected illumination, so precise path prediction is critical.

exercises/practice/prism/.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+###############################
+# Core EditorConfig Options   #
+###############################
+
+; This file is for unifying the coding style for different editors and IDEs.
+; More information at:
+; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/editorconfig-code-style-settings-reference?view=vs-2022
+; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/create-portable-custom-editor-options?view=vs-2022
+
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+indent_style = space
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*.{vbproj,slnx}]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.vb]
+indent_size = 4
+charset = utf-8
+
+###############################
+# .NET Coding Conventions     #
+###############################
+
+# Organize imports
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+dotnet_separate_import_directive_groups = true
+
+# Me. preferences
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:suggestion
+
+# Language keywords vs BCL types preferences
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:suggestion
+
+# Parentheses preferences
+dotnet_style_parentheses_in_arithmetic_binary_operators = never_if_unnecessary:none
+dotnet_style_parentheses_in_relational_binary_operators = never_if_unnecessary:none
+dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_binary_operators = never_if_unnecessary:none
+dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_operators = never_if_unnecessary:suggestion
+
+# Modifier preferences
+dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers = always:suggestion
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:suggestion
+
+# Expression-level preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:suggestion
+
+###############################
+# Naming Conventions          #
+###############################
+
+# Style Definitions
+dotnet_naming_style.pascal_case_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# Use PascalCase for constant fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.symbols = constant_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.style = pascal_case_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.applicable_accessibilities = *
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.required_modifiers = const
+
+###################################
+# Visual Basic Coding Conventions #
+###################################
+visual_basic_preferred_modifier_order = Partial, Default, Private, Protected, Public, Friend, NotOverridable, Overridable, MustOverride, Overloads, Overrides, MustInherit, NotInheritable, Static, Shared, Shadows, ReadOnly, WriteOnly, Dim, Const, WithEvents, Widening, Narrowing, Custom, Async:suggestion
+visual_basic_style_unused_variable_expression_statement_preference = unused_local_variable:suggestion
+visual_basic_style_unused_value_assignment_preference = unused_local_variable:suggestion
+visual_basic_style_prefer_isnot_expression = true:suggestion
+visual_basic_style_prefer_simplified_object_creation = false:none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0090.severity = none

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/Example.vb

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+Public Structure LaserInfo
+    Public Sub New(ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double, ByVal angle As Double)
+        Me.X = x
+        Me.Y = y
+        Me.Angle = angle
+    End Sub
+
+    Public ReadOnly Property X As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Y As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Angle As Double
+End Structure
+
+Public Structure PrismInfo
+    Public Sub New(ByVal id As Integer, ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double, ByVal angle As Double)
+        Me.Id = id
+        Me.X = x
+        Me.Y = y
+        Me.Angle = angle
+    End Sub
+
+    Public ReadOnly Property Id As Integer
+    Public ReadOnly Property X As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Y As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Angle As Double
+End Structure
+
+Public Module Prism
+    Private Const Epsilon = 0.000001
+
+    Public Function FindSequence(ByVal laser As LaserInfo, ByVal prisms As PrismInfo()) As Integer()
+        Dim x = laser.X
+        Dim y = laser.Y
+        Dim angle = laser.Angle
+        Dim sequence As New List(Of Integer)
+
+        While True
+            Dim prism = FindNextPrism(x, y, angle, prisms)
+            If Not prism.HasValue Then
+                Return sequence.ToArray()
+            End If
+
+            Dim hit = prism.Value
+            sequence.Add(hit.Id)
+            x = hit.X
+            y = hit.Y
+            angle = (angle + hit.Angle) Mod 360.0
+        End While
+
+        Throw New InvalidOperationException("unreachable")
+    End Function
+
+    Private Function FindNextPrism(
+        ByVal x As Double,
+        ByVal y As Double,
+        ByVal angle As Double,
+        ByVal prisms As PrismInfo()) As PrismInfo?
+
+        Dim radians = DegreesToRadians(angle)
+        Dim directionX = Math.Cos(radians)
+        Dim directionY = Math.Sin(radians)
+        Dim nearest As PrismInfo? = Nothing
+        Dim nearestDistance = Double.PositiveInfinity
+
+        For Each prism In prisms
+            Dim dx = prism.X - x
+            Dim dy = prism.Y - y
+            Dim distance = dx * directionX + dy * directionY
+
+            If distance > Epsilon AndAlso
+                IsOnRay(dx, dy, directionX, directionY, distance) AndAlso
+                distance < nearestDistance Then
+
+                nearest = prism
+                nearestDistance = distance
+            End If
+        Next
+
+        Return nearest
+    End Function
+
+    Private Function IsOnRay(
+        ByVal dx As Double,
+        ByVal dy As Double,
+        ByVal directionX As Double,
+        ByVal directionY As Double,
+        ByVal distance As Double) As Boolean
+
+        Dim offsetX = dx - distance * directionX
+        Dim offsetY = dy - distance * directionY
+        Dim offsetSquared = offsetX * offsetX + offsetY * offsetY
+        Dim tolerance = Epsilon * Math.Max(1.0, distance * distance)
+
+        Return offsetSquared < tolerance
+    End Function
+
+    Private Function DegreesToRadians(ByVal degrees As Double) As Double
+        Return degrees * Math.PI / 180.0
+    End Function
+End Module

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "BNAndras"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "Prism.vb"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "PrismTests.vb"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/Example.vb"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Calculate the path of a laser through refractive prisms.",
+  "source": "FraSanga",
+  "source_url": "https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/pull/2625"
+}

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[ec65d3b3-f7bf-4015-8156-0609c141c4c4]
+description = "zero prisms"
+
+[ec0ca17c-0c5f-44fb-89ba-b76395bdaf1c]
+description = "one prism one hit"
+
+[0db955f2-0a27-4c82-ba67-197bd6202069]
+description = "one prism zero hits"
+
+[8d92485b-ebc0-4ee9-9b88-cdddb16b52da]
+description = "going up zero hits"
+
+[78295b3c-7438-492d-8010-9c63f5c223d7]
+description = "going down zero hits"
+
+[acc723ea-597b-4a50-8d1b-b980fe867d4c]
+description = "going left zero hits"
+
+[3f19b9df-9eaa-4f18-a2db-76132f466d17]
+description = "negative angle"
+
+[96dacffb-d821-4cdf-aed8-f152ce063195]
+description = "large angle"
+
+[513a7caa-957f-4c5d-9820-076842de113c]
+description = "upward refraction two hits"
+
+[d452b7c7-9761-4ea9-81a9-2de1d73eb9ef]
+description = "downward refraction two hits"
+
+[be1a2167-bf4c-4834-acc9-e4d68e1a0203]
+description = "same prism twice"
+
+[df5a60dd-7c7d-4937-ac4f-c832dae79e2e]
+description = "simple path"
+
+[8d9a3cc8-e846-4a3b-a137-4bfc4aa70bd1]
+description = "multiple prisms floating point precision"
+
+[e077fc91-4e4a-46b3-a0f5-0ba00321da56]
+description = "complex path with multiple prisms floating point precision"

exercises/practice/prism/Prism.vb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Public Structure LaserInfo
+    Public Sub New(ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double, ByVal angle As Double)
+        Me.X = x
+        Me.Y = y
+        Me.Angle = angle
+    End Sub
+
+    Public ReadOnly Property X As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Y As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Angle As Double
+End Structure
+
+Public Structure PrismInfo
+    Public Sub New(ByVal id As Integer, ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double, ByVal angle As Double)
+        Me.Id = id
+        Me.X = x
+        Me.Y = y
+        Me.Angle = angle
+    End Sub
+
+    Public ReadOnly Property Id As Integer
+    Public ReadOnly Property X As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Y As Double
+    Public ReadOnly Property Angle As Double
+End Structure
+
+Public Module Prism
+    Public Function FindSequence(ByVal laser As LaserInfo, ByVal prisms As PrismInfo()) As Integer()
+        Throw New NotImplementedException("You need to implement this function.")
+    End Function
+End Module

exercises/practice/prism/Prism.vbproj

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <RestorePackagesWithLockFile>true</RestorePackagesWithLockFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Import Include="Xunit" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.v3" Version="3.2.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.5" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>