feat(cli): add foundational command surface

[jmgilman]

Summary

• add the initial Cobra/Viper CLI foundation with constructor-based command wiring
• add stderr logging configuration backed by slog and Charm log
• add build-time version reporting plus proto-backed golangci-lint CI wiring
• remove Git-specific framing from user-facing project copy

Verification

• go test ./...
• moon run root:format root:lint --summary minimal
• moon run root:check --summary minimal
• moon ci --summary minimal
• git diff --check