♻️ Modernize Project Structure

[lucasberent]

Description

This PR brings QECC up to date with the latest best practices.
Especially, it revamps the Python packaging, includes more extensive testing and Apple Silicon support

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[burgholzer]

@lucasberent any updates here?

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[burgholzer]

@lucasberent (@pehamTom for awareness): this is now ready and turned out quite nicely, I believe.
Essentially, this PR updates QECC to the latest best practices within the MQT as much as possible given its annoying flint dependency (which, in turn, causes a dependency on GMP and MPFR). That last part is actually what required most of the work here.

Compared to the main branch this PR

• switches to a FetchContent-managed mqt-core in favour of the git submodule. This makes it way easier to manage and more flexible. A dependabot-like workflow is added to automatically update the mqt-core version periodically.
• enables testing on Python 3.12 including temporary workarounds for the ldpc project not releasing Python 3.12 wheels and currently not compiling with numpy>=2.0.
• enables C++ and Python builds as well as tests for Apple Silicon Macs.
• adds wheels for Apple Silicon Macs that directly bundle gmp, mpfr and flint.
• enables build caching for the various flint builds on macOS (reduces the build time from 7-10min down to 1min)
• updates the scikit-build-core packaging configuration to speed up wheel builds
• cleans up and updates the pre-commit checks (e.g., replaces the slow codespell check)
• updates the CI/CD workflows to be maximally aligned with the existing reusable MQT workflows so that once flint is dropped, the required changes to switch over to the MQT workflows is minimal. This also includes change detection that will only trigger certain CI runs if deemed necessary. Wheels are now also only built on releases and on changes to the CD.yml file
• ...

Overall, this brings the repository much more in line again with the rest of the MQT repositories. If you have no serious objections, I'd merge the PR tomorrow and release a new version. Then #234 can be rebased and we can start working on getting that in.

[burgholzer]

Alright. Getting this in 🚀