gh-151126: Fix a possible crash during the startup with no memory under Py_STACKREF_DEBUG

[sobolevn]

• _Py_hashtable_new_full can return NULL (when no memory is left) and does not set an exception
• interp->open_stackrefs_table and interp->closed_stackrefs_table are required to be non-NULL
• If they are, we can possibly get a NULL deref from using them

• Issue: Many places have missing PyErr_NoMemory() call after failing memory allocation #151126