lab09 submission

k8s/README.md

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+# Lab 9 — Kubernetes Fundamentals
+
+## 1. Architecture Overview
+
+This project deploys a Python Flask application to Kubernetes using a production-ready configuration.
+
+**Architecture:**
+
+User → Kubernetes Service (NodePort) → Deployment → Pods (Flask App)
+
+* Deployment manages multiple replicas of the application
+* Service provides a stable endpoint and load balancing
+* Pods run containerized Python application
+
+**Components:**
+
+* 1 Deployment (devops-python)
+* 5 Pods (replicas)
+* 1 Service (NodePort)
+
+---
+
+## 2. Manifest Files
+
+### deployment.yml
+
+Defines application deployment with:
+
+* 5 replicas for high availability
+* Rolling update strategy (zero downtime)
+* Resource limits and requests
+* Liveness and readiness probes
+
+**Key decisions:**
+
+* `replicas: 5` — ensures scalability and fault tolerance
+* `RollingUpdate` — enables zero-downtime updates
+* Probes use `/health` endpoint for reliability
+
+---
+
+### service.yml
+
+Defines network access to the application.
+
+* Type: NodePort
+* Exposes app externally
+* Routes traffic to Pods using label selector
+
+**Ports:**
+
+* Service port: 80
+* Container port: 5000
+* NodePort: 30007
+
+---
+
+## 3. Deployment Evidence
+
+### Cluster Info
+
+```bash
+kubectl get nodes
+```
+
+### Resources
+
+```bash
+kubectl get all
+```
+
+### Pods
+
+```bash
+kubectl get pods -o wide
+```
+
+### Services
+
+```bash
+kubectl get svc
+```
+
+### Deployment Details
+
+```bash
+kubectl describe deployment devops-python
+```
+
+### Application Test
+
+```bash
+kubectl port-forward service/devops-python-service 8080:80
+curl http://localhost:8080
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Operations Performed
+
+### Deploy application
+
+```bash
+kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/service.yml
+```
+
+### Scaling
+
+```bash
+kubectl scale deployment/devops-python --replicas=5
+```
+
+### Rolling Update
+
+```bash
+kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yml
+kubectl rollout status deployment/devops-python
+```
+
+### Rollback
+
+```bash
+kubectl rollout undo deployment/devops-python
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Production Considerations
+
+### Health Checks
+
+* Liveness probe ensures container restart on failure
+* Readiness probe ensures traffic is sent only to ready Pods
+
+### Resource Management
+
+* CPU and memory limits prevent resource exhaustion
+* Requests ensure proper scheduling
+
+### Improvements for Production
+
+* Use Ingress instead of NodePort
+* Add TLS/HTTPS
+* Use Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
+* Integrate with Prometheus and Grafana
+
+---
+
+## 6. Monitoring Strategy
+
+* Logs: Loki + Promtail (Lab 7)
+* Metrics: Prometheus (Lab 8)
+* Dashboards: Grafana
+
+This provides full observability:
+
+* Logs → debugging
+* Metrics → performance monitoring
+
+---
+
+## 7. Challenges & Solutions
+
+### Issue: ImagePullBackOff
+
+**Cause:** Kubernetes could not find local Docker image
+**Solution:**
+
+```bash
+kind load docker-image devops-python:latest
+```
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Service not accessible
+
+**Cause:** NodePort not exposed in kind
+**Solution:**
+
+```bash
+kubectl
+```
+
+## 📸 Screenshots
+
+### Cluster & Nodes
+![Nodes](screenshots/nodes.png)
+
+### All Resources
+![All Resources](screenshots/all.png)
+
+### Deployment
+![Deployment](screenshots/deployment.png)
+
+### Pods
+![Pods](screenshots/pods.png)
+
+### Services
+![Services](screenshots/services.png)
+
+### Application Working
+![App](screenshots/app.png)
+
+### Scaling
+![Scaling](screenshots/scaling.png)
+
+### Rolling Update
+![Rollout](screenshots/rollout.png)
+
+### Rollback
+![Rollback](screenshots/rollback.png)

k8s/deployment.yml

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+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: devops-python
+  labels:
+    app: devops-python
+spec:
+  replicas: 5
+  strategy:
+    type: RollingUpdate
+    rollingUpdate:
+      maxSurge: 1
+      maxUnavailable: 0
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: devops-python
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: devops-python
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: devops-python
+          image: devops-python:latest
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 5000
+          env:
+            - name: VERSION
+              value: "v2"
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+              memory: "128Mi"
+            limits:
+              cpu: "200m"
+              memory: "256Mi"
+          livenessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              path: /health
+              port: 5000
+            initialDelaySeconds: 10
+            periodSeconds: 5
+          readinessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              path: /health
+              port: 5000
+            initialDelaySeconds: 5
+            periodSeconds: 3
+      restartPolicy: Always

k8s/service.yml

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+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: devops-python-service
+spec:
+  type: NodePort
+  selector:
+    app: devops-python
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      targetPort: 5000
+      nodePort: 30007