marchelzo · skaravos · Nov 11, 2025 · Nov 11, 2025 · Nov 11, 2025 · Feb 24, 2026
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 *.ty linguist-language=TypeScript
+*.sh text eol=LF
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -3,8 +3,18 @@ _*
 # ides
 .vscode
 .vs
+# Makefile garbage
+obj/
 # vcpkg
 vcpkg_installed
 vcpkg
 *.log
 *.err
+# autogenerated file(s)
+include/keywords.h
+src/jit_x64.h
+LuaJIT
+# agents
+.agents/*
+.claude/*
+*.local.json
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+**Ty** is an interpreted, gradually-typed programming language implementation written in C (C23
+standard). It includes a bytecode VM, optional JIT compiler (DynASM-based), garbage collector,
+coroutine system, and a standard library written in Ty itself.
+
+## Build System
+
+### CMake (primary, cross-platform)
+
+Dependencies are managed via vcpkg.
+The vcpkg root is expected at `_vcpkg/` (set in `CMakePresets.json`).
+The `./scripts/setup-vcpkg.sh` script can be used to perform the initial clone of vcpkg into
+the `_vcpkg` subdirectory.
+
+```bash
+# Configure
+cmake --preset <preset-name>
+
+# Build
+cmake --build --preset <preset-name>
+```
+
+**Available presets** (see [CMakePresets.json](CMakePresets.json)):
+- `msvc2026` / `msvc2026-debug` — Windows, Visual Studio 2026, MSVC
+- `clang-windows` / `clang-windows-debug` — Windows, Clang (Ninja)
+- `gcc` / `gcc-ninja` — Linux, GCC
+- `clang-osx` — macOS, Apple Clang
+
+Build output goes to `_build/<preset-name>/`. Binaries produced: `ty`, `tyls`, optionally `typrof`.
+
+### Makefile (Unix/Linux/macOS only)
+
+```bash
+make                  # Default optimized build (-Og -g3)
+make RELEASE=1        # Optimized release (-O3, LTO, mcpu=native)
+make DEBUG=1          # Debug with ASAN
+make TDEBUG=1         # Debug with ThreadSanitizer
+make tyls             # Build language server
+make install          # Install to /usr/local/bin and ~/.ty/
+make clean
+```
+
+**Makefile flags** (combine freely):
+- `NO_JIT=1` — Disable JIT
+- `LOG=1` — Enable internal logging (disabled by default via `-DTY_NO_LOG`)
+- `NO_NSYNC=1` — Disable nsync synchronization
+- `JEMALLOC=1` — Use jemalloc instead of mimalloc
+- `LTO=1` — Force link-time optimization
+- `PROFILE_TYPES=1` — Enable type system profiling
+
+**Pre-build requirements** (Makefile):
+- `gperf` generates [include/keywords.h](include/keywords.h) from
+  [src/keywords.gperf](src/keywords.gperf)
+- `luajit` + DynASM generates `src/jit_x64.h` or `src/jit_arm64.h` from `.dasc` files
+- `LuaJIT` project must be cloned from `https://github.com/LuaJIT/LuaJIT` into the
+  project root at `<project-root>/LuaJIT` so that the build can find `LuaJIT/dynasm/dynasm.lua`
+
+## Running Tests
+
+Tests require a built `ty` executable in the project root (or on PATH):
+
+```bash
+make test             # Runs: ./ty test.ty
+
+# Run a single test file
+./ty --test tests/array.ty
+
+# Run the full test suite
+./ty test.ty
+```
+
+The test runner [test.ty](test.ty) is written in Ty itself. It runs test files from
+[tests/](tests/) in parallel with a 5-second timeout per test.
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Compilation Pipeline
+
+```
+Source text
+  → Lexer (lex.c / token.c)
+  → Parser + AST (parse.c)
+  → Type checker + Compiler → Bytecode (compiler.c, types.c)
+  → VM execution (vm.c)
+       └─ optional JIT (jit.c + jit_x64.dasc / jit_arm64.dasc)
+```
+
+### Core Source Modules ([src/](src/))
+
+| File           | Role                                                          |
+|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `compiler.c`   | Type checking, compilation, constant folding (~20K LOC)       |
+| `types.c`      | Type system: inference, constraints, refinements (~12K LOC)   |
+| `vm.c`         | Bytecode interpreter, exception handling, coroutines (~11K LOC) |
+| `functions.c`  | Built-in functions and standard library glue (~10K LOC)       |
+| `parse.c`      | Parser, AST construction (~7.5K LOC)                          |
+| `jit.c`        | JIT driver; arch-specific code in `.dasc` files (~7K LOC)     |
+| `gc.c`         | Naive STW mark-and-sweep GC                                   |
+| `ffi.c`        | Foreign function interface via libffi                         |
+| `value.c`      | Core `Value` type (32-byte tagged union)                      |
+| `scope.c`      | Symbol tables and lexical scoping                             |
+| `class.c`      | Class system with inheritance and traits                      |
+
+### Value Representation
+
+All Ty values are a packed 32-byte `Value` struct (defined in [include/ty.h](include/ty.h)) with a
+type byte, 16-bit tag, and a union payload. This is the central type used throughout the VM and
+compiler.
+
+### Executables
+
+- **ty** — main interpreter (entry: `ty.c`)
+- **tyls** — language server (entry: `tyls.c`; compiled with `-DTY_LS`)
+- **typrof** — profiler (entry: `ty.c`; compiled with `-DTY_PROFILER`)
+
+### Vendored Libraries
+
+| Library    | Location                              | Purpose                                  |
+|------------|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
+| libco      | [libco/](libco/)                      | Coroutines (lightweight cooperative threads) |
+| dtoa       | [dtoa/](dtoa/)                        | Swift's double-to-string conversion      |
+| libmd      | [libmd/](libmd/)                      | MD5/SHA hash functions                   |
+| unibilium  | [unibilium/](unibilium/)              | Terminal capability database             |
+| nsync      | [nsync/](nsync/)                      | Google synchronization primitives (optional) |
+| DynASM     | [LuaJIT/dynasm/](LuaJIT/dynasm/)      | JIT code generation DSL                  |
+
+### vcpkg Dependencies
+
+`libffi`, `sqlite3`, `utf8proc`, `pcre2`, `xxHash`, `mimalloc`
+
+### Standard Library
+
+~50 Ty modules in [lib/](lib/) — installed to `~/.ty/`.
+Key modules: `prelude.ty`, `io.ty`, `os.ty`, `ffi.ty`, `http.ty`, `json.ty`, `regex.ty`,
+`sqlite.ty`, `term.ty`.
+
+## Platform Notes
+
+- **Linux/macOS**
+  - Primary development platforms
+  - CMake and Makefile are both supported
+
+- **Windows**
+  - Currently unsupported, does not compile on Windows.
+  - Uses CMake + MSVC or clang-cl
+  - Required file: `ioctl_constants.h` is created as an empty stub
+  - Required file: `keywords.h` must be created on a platform with access to gperf and copied
+    into `include/keywords.h`
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25)
 
 project(ty VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES C)
 
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ find_package(utf8proc CONFIG REQUIRED)
 find_package(pcre2 CONFIG REQUIRED)
 # defines target(s): xxHash::xxhash
 find_package(xxHash CONFIG REQUIRED)
+# defines target(s): nsync
+find_package(nsync CONFIG REQUIRED)
+add_library(nsync::nsync ALIAS nsync) #<-- sadly nsync doesnt do this for us
 # defines target(s): mimalloc, mimalloc-static
 find_package(mimalloc CONFIG REQUIRED)
 set_target_properties(mimalloc-static PROPERTIES
@@ -49,6 +52,12 @@ if(_lto_supported)
   set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION TRUE)
 endif()
 
+# ---
+#  vendored libraries
+# ---
+
+add_subdirectory(vendored)
+
 # ---
 #  generate ioctl constants
 # ---
@@ -148,13 +157,20 @@ endif()
 set(_file_keywords_h  ${_autogen_dir}/include/keywords.h)
 set(_gperf_input      ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/keywords.gperf)
 
-find_program(GPERF gperf)
-if(GPERF)
+set(_tgt_keywords_h "KeywordsH")
+add_library(${_tgt_keywords_h} INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(${_tgt_keywords_h}
+  INTERFACE
+    ${_autogen_dir}/include
+)
+
+find_program(GPERF_EXECUTABLE gperf)
+if(GPERF_EXECUTABLE)
   add_custom_command(
     OUTPUT
       ${_file_keywords_h}
     COMMAND
-      ${GPERF} "${_gperf_input}" > "${_file_keywords_h}.tmp"
+      ${GPERF_EXECUTABLE} "${_gperf_input}" > "${_file_keywords_h}.tmp"
     COMMAND
       ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
         "${_file_keywords_h}.tmp"
@@ -173,65 +189,31 @@ else()
   message(WARNING "gperf not found -- keywords.h will not be regenerated")
 endif()
 
-# ---
-#  target: libco
-# ---
-add_library(libco)
-target_sources(libco PRIVATE libco/libco.c)
-target_compile_definitions(libco PRIVATE LIBCO_MP)
-
-# ---
-#  target: dtoa
-# ---
-add_library(dtoa)
-target_sources(dtoa PRIVATE dtoa/SwiftDtoa.c)
-
-# ---
-#  target: libmd::md
-# ---
-add_subdirectory(libmd)
-# libmd uses C_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden which breaks ThinLTO symbol resolution
-set_target_properties(md PROPERTIES INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION FALSE)
-
-# ---
-#  target: nsync
-# ---
-if (USE_NSYNC)
-  add_subdirectory(nsync)
-endif()
-
-# ---
-#  target: unibilium
-# ---
-add_subdirectory(unibilium)
-
 # ---
 #  DynASM JIT code generation
 # ---
 
-find_program(LUAJIT luajit)
-if(LUAJIT)
-  if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
-    set(_jit_dasc ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_arm64.dasc)
-    set(_jit_hdr  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_arm64.h)
-  else()
-    set(_jit_dasc ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_x64.dasc)
-    set(_jit_hdr  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_x64.h)
-  endif()
-
-  add_custom_command(
-    OUTPUT ${_jit_hdr}
-    COMMAND ${LUAJIT} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaJIT/dynasm/dynasm.lua
-      -o ${_jit_hdr} ${_jit_dasc}
-    DEPENDS ${_jit_dasc}
-    COMMENT "Generating JIT emission header from ${_jit_dasc}"
-    VERBATIM
-  )
-  add_custom_target(GenerateJitHeader DEPENDS ${_jit_hdr})
+find_program(LUAJIT_EXECUTABLE luajit REQUIRED
+  HINTS "${VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR}/${VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET}/tools/luajit"
+)
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
+  set(_jit_dasc ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_arm64.dasc)
+  set(_jit_hdr  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_arm64.h)
 else()
-  message(WARNING "luajit not found -- JIT headers will not be regenerated")
+  set(_jit_dasc ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_x64.dasc)
+  set(_jit_hdr  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/jit_x64.h)
 endif()
 
+add_custom_command(
+  OUTPUT ${_jit_hdr}
+  COMMAND ${LUAJIT_EXECUTABLE} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaJIT/dynasm/dynasm.lua
+    -o ${_jit_hdr} ${_jit_dasc}
+  DEPENDS ${_jit_dasc}
+  COMMENT "Generating JIT emission header from ${_jit_dasc}"
+  VERBATIM
+)
+add_custom_target(GenerateJitHeader DEPENDS ${_jit_hdr})
+
 # ---
 #  target: ty
 # ---
@@ -340,15 +322,18 @@ target_link_libraries(${_tgt_ty_interface}
     ${_tgt_ty_interface_version_info}
     ${_tgt_ioctlconstants_h}
     ${_tgt_errnoconstants_h}
+    ${_tgt_keywords_h}
+    vendored::libco
+    vendored::libmd
+    vendored::dtoa
+    $<LINK_LIBRARY:WHOLE_ARCHIVE,vendored::unibilium>
+    $<$<BOOL:${USE_NSYNC}>:nsync::nsync>
     Threads::Threads # pthreads (or equivalent)
-    libco
     mimalloc-static
     xxHash::xxhash
     utf8proc::utf8proc
     PCRE2::8BIT
     unofficial::libffi::libffi
-    libmd::md
-    dtoa
     unofficial::sqlite3::sqlite3
     $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${WIN32}>>:${CMAKE_DL_LIBS}>
     $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${WIN32}>>:m>
@@ -360,23 +345,9 @@ if(USE_NSYNC)
   target_link_libraries(${_tgt_ty_interface} INTERFACE nsync)
 endif()
 
-if(APPLE)
-  target_link_libraries(${_tgt_ty_interface} INTERFACE
-    -Wl,-force_load,$<TARGET_FILE:unibilium>
-  )
-  target_link_options(${_tgt_ty_interface} INTERFACE -Wl,-export_dynamic)
-else()
-  target_link_libraries(${_tgt_ty_interface} INTERFACE
-    -Wl,--whole-archive unibilium -Wl,--no-whole-archive
-  )
-  target_link_options(${_tgt_ty_interface} INTERFACE -rdynamic)
-endif()
-
 target_include_directories(${_tgt_ty_interface}
   INTERFACE
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libco
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dtoa
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
 )
 
@@ -420,6 +391,11 @@ if(BUILD_PROFILER)
   target_link_libraries(${_tgt_ty_profiler} PRIVATE ${_tgt_ty_interface})
 endif()
 
+# export symbols (essentially adds the equivalent of: -rdynamic during link)
+foreach(_tgt IN ITEMS ${_tgt_ty} ${_tgt_tyls} ${_tgt_typrof})
+  set_target_properties(${_tgt} PROPERTIES ENABLE_EXPORTS ON)
+endforeach()
+
 # ---
 #  install rules
 # ---
@@ -430,10 +406,10 @@ install(TARGETS ${_tgt_ty} ${_tgt_ty_profiler} ${_tgt_ty_ls}
   DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
 )
 
-file(GLOB _ty_modules LIST_DIRECTORIES false ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/*.ty)
-install(FILES ${_ty_modules}
+install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/
   COMPONENT InstallComponentTy
   DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/ty
+  FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.ty"
   PERMISSIONS
     OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE   # 6
     GROUP_READ               # 4
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -1 +1,2 @@
		*.ty linguist-language=TypeScript
		*.sh text eol=LF